Purpose To evaluate the changes in the angle of the AC and lens vault after IPCL implantation by AS-OCT in myopic patients. Methods This was a prospective observational study involving 30 myopic eyes implanted with IPCL. AS-OCT was used to evaluate lens vault and AC angle parameters including anterior chamber angle, angle opening distance and trabecular-iris space area (TISA) at 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Results All 3 AC angle parameters were significantly reduced at the 1st postoperative month compared to preoperative values, but remained stable thereafter with no significant change at the 3rd or 6th postoperative months. The lens vault showed no significant change over the entire follow-up period. Conclusion IPCL implantation is a safe method for correction of myopia with stable AC angle narrowing over the course of 6 months postoperatively as monitored using AS-OCT.

Introduction Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is microangiopathy causing ischemia leading to proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema. Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) reverses the ischemia leading to regression of neovessels. Most previous studies showed the large vessel effects of PRP, while optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) allowed noninvasive quantification of microvascular retinal changes. Aim To study the effect of PRP on microvascular retinal vessels in a detailed manner at different retinal and choroidal levels using OCTA. Patients and methods This study was a prospective interventional study. 30 eyes of 18 diabetic patients with PDR were included. All patients were evaluated clinically and with OCTA (Avanti RTVue-XR system, Optovue) to evaluate superficial and deep vessels density (VDs), choroidal flow, and FAZ area before PRP (base line) and 1 month and 6 months after PRP. Results PRP improved vessels density at superficial (SCP), deep (DCP), and choriocapillaris levels. Foveal vessel density at SCP and DCP were statistically significantly increased. SCP was 28.76 ± 2.56 at base line and was increased to 29.84 ± 2.47 and 30.89 ± 2.20 after 1 month and after 6 months, respectively. DCP was 34.08 ± 5.59 at base line and was increased to 34.93 ± 5.66 and 36.09 ± 5.62 after 1 month and after 6 months, respectively. Foveal choriocapillaris was statistically significantly increased from 63.04 ± 2.66 at base line to 63.48 ± 2.65 and 63.98 ± 2.78 after 1 month and 6 months, respectively. Choroidal flow was increased from 1.74 ± 0.07 at base line to 1.75 ± 0.09 at 1 month which was nonsignificant (P = 0.72), but it was significantly increased to 1.87 ± 0.27 6 months after PRP (P = 0.009). FAZ area was significantly improved after PRP. FAZ area was decreased from 0.56 ± 0.27 at base line to 0.50 ± 0.21 after 1 month and to 0.46 ± 0.21 after 6 months. Conclusion OCTA parameters were significantly improved by PRP in PDR patients, possibly due to redistribution of blood in occluded capillary plexuses. Trials registry: NCT04976361.

Purpose To investigate the dynamic pupil and vault changes in eyes with implantable phakic contact lens (IPCL) under photopic and scotopic settings, as well as during accommodation using the anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Methods A prospective observational study included consecutive 36 eyes of myopic patients who underwent IPCL V2.0 implantation. Under photopic and scotopic light settings, as well as during accommodation, all patients were scanned using CASIA OCT (CASIA2; TOMEY, Nagoya, Japan). The pupil size, the vault (distance between the back surface of the IPCL and the anterior lens capsule), ACD-lens (distance between the posterior corneal surface and the anterior lens surface), IPCL-lens (distance between the posterior corneal surface and the anterior IPCL surface), and lens thickness (LT) were the study parameters. Results The vault was significantly lower under photopic conditions ( p -value<0.001). The pupil size was significantly smaller in photopic conditions ( p -value<0.001). LT ( p -value=0.975) and ACD-lens ( p -value=0.917) were not significantly different between scotopic and photopic conditions, while the ACD-IPCL was significantly larger during photopic conditions ( p -value=0.013). There were significant changes in all parameters between accommodative and non-accommodative conditions. Conclusion The IPCL vault decreased significantly under photopic light conditions and accommodation.

Purpose To study tear film and corneal thickness measurements in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients compared to age-matched controls using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Study participants were divided into 3 groups: Group A: SLE patients with clinical dry eye, Group B: SLE patients without clinical dry eye and Group C: healthy controls. The lower tear meniscus parameters measured using AS-OCT were tear meniscus height (TMH), tear meniscus depth (TMD) and tear meniscus area (TMA). The central corneal and corneal epithelial thickness were automatically calculated. Results The study included 40 eyes in Group A, 60 in Group B, and 100 in Group C. Mean age was 26.9±6.6 years for Group A, 27.6±7.3 years for Group B and 35.7±9.2 years for Group C (p= 0.06). All subjects were females except for 1 male patient in Group A. Mean TMH, TMA and TMD in Group C were 487.7±185.6 µm, 0.068±0.040 mm 2 , and 341.2±99.1 µm, respectively, which was significantly higher compared to Group A (225.5±27.9 µm, 0.018±0.004 mm 2 and 171.9±26.0 µm, respectively, all p < 0.001) and Group B (395.4±118.8 µm, p < 0.001; 0.05±0.04 mm 2 , p=0.016 and 280.6±93.4 µm, p < 0.001, respectively). Group B eyes also had significantly higher parameters compared to Group A (all p < 0.001). Mean corneal and epithelial thickness in Group C were 501.6±37.5 µm and 53.3±4.5 µm, respectively, which was significantly higher compared to Group A (496.1±24.1 µm, p=0.044 and 49.5±3.5 µm, p < 0.001, respectively) and Group B (504.2±22.03 µm, p=0.046 and 47.5±5.6 µm, p < 0.001, respectively). Group B eyes also had a significantly higher corneal thickness (p=0.031) and epithelial thickness (p=0.011) compared to Group A. Conclusion We demonstrated significant reduction of tear meniscus dimensions, central corneal thickness and epithelial thickness in SLE patients compared to age-matched controls using AS-OCT.

Purpose: To study the effect of LASIK with accelerated CXL on corneal endothelium in myopic diabetic patients. Methods: A prospective comparative interventional case series study on 120 eyes of 60 myopic patients treated with LASIK with accelerated CXL. They were divided into two groups; group A included 60 eyes of diabetic patients, group B included 60 eyes of non-diabetic patients. Corneal endothelium was evaluated by specular microscope preoperatively and after 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Results: The endothelial cells density (ECD) showed statistically significant changes after 3 and 6 months postoperatively (p-value <0.001) in group A while group B showed statistically significant changes after 3 months without significant change after 6 months (p-value= 0.103), both groups had improved to near preoperative levels, with no significant differences between them at the end of 6 months follow-up (p-value = 0.219). Regarding pleomorphism, there was a significant change in group A during 6 months follow-up (p-value <0.001) with no significant change in group B (p-value= 0.884), and in comparing both groups, there was a significant change at the end of 6 months follow-up (p-value <0.001). Regarding polymegathism, there was a significant change in group A during 6 months follow-up (p-value <0.001) with no significant change in group B after 3 (p-value= 0.178) and 6 (p-value= 0.866) months follow-up, and in comparing both groups, there was a significant change at the end of 6 months follow-up (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: LASIK with accelerated CXL is safe on corneal endothelium in diabetic myopic patients but needs to follow up for a long period.