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A goal of our work was to design and synthesize novel Mn(II), Co(II), and Cu(II) complexes with rhodamine C (RHC) and rhodamine 640 perchlorate (RHP) to obtain knowledge about the thermal stability of rhodamine itself compared with its complexes. The complexes prepared have the general formulas, where (M = Mn(II) or Co(II), L = RHC or RHP, n = 2 or 4). The complexes obtained were characterized using elemental analysis, magnetic measurements, molar conductivity, and infrared and electronic spectra as well as thermal measurements. The results suggested that all the RHC and RHP complexes had a 1:2 molar ratio (metal:L). Both RHC and RHP act as a bidentate chelating ligand through the carboxylic groups. The molar conductance measurements proved that the Mn(II), Co(II), and Cu(II) complexes of RHC and RHP are nonelectrolytes. Kinetic thermodynamic parameters such as E*, ΔH*, ΔS*, and ΔG* were calculated from differential thermogravimetric curves. The fluorescence and photostability studies were checked for both fluorescence dyes and their complexes.

The present study aimed to assess the impact of the length of the gestation period (GPL) and number of lactation season of cows on behavior and growth performance in calves from birth until weaning. The presence of abnormal behavior during 1 st twelve hours of the calf's life as delayed Sternal recumbancy and standing or abnormal suckling was not significantly affected by GPL. Also, the duration and frequency of behavior related to respiratory, digestive or mixed disorders had a non-significant variation between groups of different gestation period length. However, the increase in GPL had the lowest percentage and duration of behavior related to respiratory and digestive disorders. Calves with the longest GPL had a significantly higher birth weight and it had a significant effect on pre-weaning growth rate. On the other side, the presence of abnormal behavior during the first twelve hours of the calf's life as delayed Sternal recumbancy and standing or abnormal suckling were higher in 3 rd parity. The number of lactation season had no significant effect on the duration and frequency of behavior related to respiratory, digestive or mixed disorders. The birth weight of calves was higher in third parity group (36.73 kg) than other parities, but the differences didn't reach the significance, moreover, the weaning age and pre-weaning growth rate did not affect by the lactation season number. There was a negative correlation between abnormal behavior and the pre-weaning growth rate. There was a positive correlation between duration of abnormal behavior and the weaning age.