Background Pediatric dentists in Egypt are exposed to chronic stress associated with pediatric dental care. After long years of specialization, training, and practice, they seem to be unsatisfied. An increased prevalence of burnout could be the reason. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of occupational burnout among Egyptian pediatric dentists. This study is a cross-sectional, observational study, which was carried by a self-administered online survey questionnaire that was sent to active members in the Egyptian Pediatric Dentistry Associations. A total number of 100 pediatric dentists participated in this study. All of them were offered to fulfill the questionnaires including that of Maslach Burnout Inventory and the semi-structured questionnaire to complete their sociodemographic and work-related data. Results It was found that the number of kids raised up by the practitioner is significantly associated with the level of depersonalization. It was also found that the number of working hours per week and number of patients treated per day have a significant association with the level of exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. There were no gender differences in the prevalence of burnout or depression. Conclusions Burnout prevalence among pediatric dentist in Egypt is high and higher than its prevalence among other dentists. Marriage and sleeping in home with the family have protective effects against burnout statistically. There is significant association between high number of working hours of the pediatric dentist per week and burnout.

Background Previous literature shows that children with dental black stain might be less susceptible to dental caries. The aim of this study was to systematically review the available literature to determine whether black stain presence could influence the prevalence or severity of dental caries in primary dentition. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and Egyptian Universities Libraries Consortium was conducted up to December 2020. Quality assessment was done using a modified version of Down’s and Black checklist. Meta-analyses were performed to assess the association between dental black stain and: (i) Likelihood of developing dental caries/being caries-free (ii) Number of teeth affected by dental caries (iii) Number of tooth surfaces affected. Results The database search yielded 2164 results, 14 of which matched the eligibility criteria. The meta-analysis showed that the likelihood of developing caries (Fixed effect model: OR [95% CI]: 0.67 [0.54; 0.82]; I2=37%; τ2=0.05), number of teeth affected (Random effects model: MD [95% CI]: –0.98 [–1.54; -0.42]; I2=79%; τ2 =0.44), and number of surfaces affected (Random-effects model: MD [95% CI]: –2.34 [–4.23; -0.44]; I2=85%; τ2 =2.93), were all lower in children with black stain. Conclusions It is suggested that dental black stain is associated with lower dental caries experience in children with primary dentition. However, it is questionable whether black stain has a protective effect against dental caries, or whether children at low risk of dental caries are more likely to develop BS because their oral microbiome favors BS-forming organisms.

Aim: Beta-thalassemia (β-thalassemia) major is one of the most common inherited genetic blood disorders and is characterized by many systemic manifestations and skeletal problems. Children with β-thalassemia have a high caries index and must receive proper dental treatment to achieve better oral health. The aim of study is to compare two types of vital pulp therapies in children with β-thalassemia major. Methods: Sixty-five children with β-thalassemia major having carious primary molars were selected from Ain Shams University and the Hereditary Blood Disorders Clinic at the National Research Centre to be treated at Pediatric Dentistry, Department, Faculty of Dentisrtry, Ain Shams University . Patients received one of both types of vital pulp therapies: mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) pulpotomy and indirect pulp capping. The children were divided into two groups as follow: Group I (n=30) received MTA pulpotomy and Group II (n=35) received indirect pulp capping using high viscosity glass ionomer cement. Clinical and radiographic follow-ups were done at the baseline, six months, and after one year. Patient preferences for types of vital pulp therapies were evaluated at the end of treatment. Comparison of the groups with qualitative data was done using Chi-square test. Comparison of the groups with quantitative data and a parametric distribution was done using an independent t-test at significance level 0.05. Results: The findings revealed success rates of 90% in Group I and 100% in Group II. There was 10% clinical and radiographic failure in Group I and 0% in Group II but the difference between the two groups when compared to each other was statistically not significant (p= 0.055). Conclusions: Both types of vital pulp therapies showed high success rates in children with β-thalassemia major and thus can be used safely in these patients. However, minimally invasive types of dental treatment may be preferred in children with β-thalassemia major as indirect pulp capping for being less invasive and requires less effort, fatigue and time.

Background Thorough disinfection of root canals in primary molars may be complicated by the complex root canal morphology. This in-vitro study aimed to compare direct and residual antimicrobial effect of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel, 500 mg/ml double antibiotic paste (DAP) and chitosan-chlorhexidine nanoparticles (CS-CHX NPs) as intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) in primary molars. Methods Mesial roots of 63 mandibular second primary molars were infected with E. faecalis and C. albicans. Teeth were divided into 9 groups: Ia: (CS-CHX NPs), IIa: (CHX), IIIa: (DAP), IVa: chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) in which medicaments were placed for 3 days, groups Ib: (CS-CHX NPs), IIb: CHX, IIIb: (DAP), IVb: (CSNPs) in which medicaments were placed for 7 days, and Group V (control): teeth were infected, irrigated with saline, and sampled 3- and 7-days post-infection. Microbiological samples were obtained after infection, 3, and 7 days after medicament placement and 7 days after medicament removal for both time points. One-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc test and paired t-test were used at p < 0.05. Results CS-CHX NPs had the highest anticandidal effect which was comparable to CHX and significantly higher than other medicaments (p < 0.001) at both time points. CS-CHX NPs had the highest effect against E. faecalis which was comparable to DAP and significantly higher than other medicaments (p < 0.001) at 3 days. All medicaments showed similar effect against E. faecalis after 7 days. The 7-days placement significantly increased the antimicrobial effect against both micro-organisms in all groups, except CS-CHX NPs which showed an insignificant increase. CS-CHX NPs showed the highest residual effect against both micro-organisms that increased with 7-days placement. Conclusion CSNPs and CHX combination showed a synergistic effect against both micro-organisms. CS-CHX NPs displayed a higher effect at a shorter period compared to other medicaments, yet its residual effect was higher with 7-days placement.