Beneficial Autochthonous Microorganisms (BAMs) are a multi-purpose technology that has already been used in Latin America and Southeast Asia but is still unknown in Africa and particularly Algeria. The aim is to examine the effect of BAMs on agricultural soils and olive fields. The study was carried out in two degraded olive fields located in the Oued Tafna basin west of Tlemcen (The Semi-arid region in Western Algeria). The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of BAMs on the chemical characteristics of the soils, particularly in terms of organic matter (MO), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total limestone (CaCO3), moisture, organic carbon (C) and olive production and its weight. Statistical analysis (Independent Test) between all groups (treated and controls) showed a significant difference, in conductivity (EC) where we recorded “0.214±0.03μs /cm “ in treated soils vs. “0.198±0.029μs/cm “ in control soils a different statistical significance was recorded for the other parameters, however, it was observed that there is a relative increase in these parameters in the soils of the treated groups such as carbon (C): “2.85±1.06%” organic matter (MO): “4.91± 1.83%”, “pH=7.81±0.225”, “CaCO3 27.76±4.99% and a decrease in humidity “15.11±3.77%” compared to control soils. The results of statistical analyses (Mann-Whitney Test and Suite Test) of olive production showed a clear alternation (every other year) in fruit production in the control group and a positive effect of BAMs on olive production in the treated group, with a slight increase of production (19 kg in 2019 vs. 30 kg in 2020), but without any significant difference regarding the weight of the fruit between the two sessions. However, a highly significant difference “p=0.00<0.001” in fruit weight was noted between the treated groups “3.908g” and “5.70g” and the control ones “4.40g “ and “5.00g” in 2019 and 2020 respectively. The use of MAB is an interesting technique to restore the chemical properties of degraded soils, and increase olive tree production. To achieve more reproducible results (in terms of quantity and quality), sufficient doses of these BAMs and periodicals must be added to provide a good nutritional supplement and reduce farmers’ use of pesticides and mineral fertilizers.

Modeling potential habitat for plant species is an appropriate approach to maintain biodiversity, developing proper reforestation campaigns, and rehabilitating ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the potential distributions of four forest species, namely, Quercus faginea Lam.; Q. ilex L.; Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Mast.; and Pistacia atlantica Desf. In the north-western Algeria at Saïda region. The MAXENT method was used to model the habitats of these species using topographic data as predictive variables at a resolution of 100 m. Moreover, the model evaluation process was achieved using the area under the operating characteristic curve of the receiver (AUC) and Jackknife test. The generated models were found to be accurate. AUC results are ranging between 0.98 and 0.91 for the training set and 0.87 and 0.97 for the testing set. The results of the distribution probability of this study provide a useful tool for the local decision-makers of reforestation campaigns.