This study aims to explore the long‐term (LT) and short‐term (ST) effects of meteorological factors and technological advancement on major crop production, that is, wheat, and rice, in India from 1990 to 2020. For this purpose, the authors also used other important controlled variables, that is, agriculture employment (AE), agricultural credit (AC), and cultivated land (AUR/AUW). For the estimation of data series, the study employed robust econometric techniques, such as the ARDL, FMOLS, and CCR framework. Empirical results reveal the long‐term relationship among meteorological factors, agricultural technologies, and major crop production (wheat and rice). In the case of meteorological factors, rainfall (RF) and carbon emission (CO2) have a positive and negative impact on wheat and rice production, while the mean temperature is negatively related to rice production and positively related to wheat production. Whereas agricultural technologies, such as fertilizer usage and farm machinery, improve wheat and rice crop production. The long‐term (LT) estimated findings are confirmed by econometric techniques such as FMOLS and CCR. The government should adopt necessary measures to achieve sustainable production and develop resilient hybrid seeds of rice and wheat that are well‐suited to agro‐climatic conditions in order to mitigate environmental degradation.

No abstract

No abstract

<p>Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) considered as a component of investment is needed by India to accomplish the ambition behind economic reforms and speed up the growth of the economy. The inflow of FDI in India initially was low due to regulatory policy framework but there is a sharp rise in investment flows from 2005 onwards as the new policy has broadened. The purpose of this paper is to look for evidence regarding the precise relationship between FDI inflows and employment in service sector of India. The used Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model explains long run and short run relationship between FDI inflows and employment in service sector. The empirical results confirm that though negative relationship exists between FDI and employment in service sector but it is not statistically significant. According to the findings, FDI introduces skilled skewed technical changes to the host country, increasing demand for highly skilled employees. Because India’s labour force is relatively unskilled, FDI in the service sector fails to provide jobs for the country’s rising labour force. The ARDL results also confirm the existence of the long run co-integration between FDI and employment in service sector. The finding shows that the stock of the FDI is a significant factor for Indian service sector.</p>