Background: Epilepsy is chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovked seizure of cerebral origin with motor, sensory or autonomic disturbance with or without loss of consciousness. A wide spectrum of comorbid conditions either coexist at the time of presentation in a child with epilepsy or develop subsequently. These are often concern to the parents-at times even more than the seizures themselves as the seizures may be under controlled with AEDs. In children it is occassionaly associated with variable comorbidites although the frequency of such comorbidity is often difficult to determine. Many comorbidites associated with epilepsy are age dependent, earliar the insult of seizure, more damage to the growing brain. So, very early onset (<6months) seizure group showed more impairments that early onset group( >6months of age). Objectives: To identify neurodevelopmental comorbidites of children with epilepsy attending in child development center of ICMH. Methods: This cross sectional study was done from 8th March 2016 to 8th September 2016 at SCDDMC of ICMH. Detailed information were obtained in each cases according to protocol. Complete history was taken either from patient or accompying attendants. All epilepsy (15months to 15years) patient attending in Saleh child development & disability management center, had been follow- up there for at least 1year. Result: In this study, among the 175 children with epilepsy, Mean age of the studied children was 4.7(±2.8):age range 1- 2years.Male were 129(73.7%) and female were 46(26.3%),male female ratio was M:F-2.8:1.Demographic characteristics of epilepsy among studied cases showed that 27(15.4%) children came from low income group,129(73.7%) children came from middle income group,19(10.9%) came from high income group. In this study, 102(58.3%) patients had onset of seizure before 1months of age. Mean age of onset of seizure was found 9.9±21.4months. Majority 102(58.3%) patients had generalized clonic, .....

Background: The prevalence of asthma in Bangladesh is about 7%. The spirometric values in healthy children were obtained in a single urban school more than a decade ago. No rural data is available till date. Objective: To determine the spirometric values of healthy school going children in three rural schools of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2019 to June 2020 among 300 healthy children among both boys and girls aged 11 to 15 years in three rural schools. Among 350 approached students 332 students responded to the study, 18 students did not meet inclusion criteria and 14 students could not follow spirometry procedure. Informed written consent was taken from guardians. History regarding socio-demographic profile, passive smoking, concurrent or past respiratory illness and medication were taken and weight, height and BMI were measured of the children. Spirometry was done with spirometer machine and reports were generated by software installed in a laptop. Results: Boys showed higher FVC, FEV1 and PEFR but lower FEV1/FVC ratio than those of girls. Regression equations for lung function values were determined for boys and girls considering height as independent variable. Conclusions: Spirometric indices were higher in boys than those of girls and they tended to increase with height, except FEV1/FVC ratio that was higher in girls with a negative correlation with height.

Background: Febrile seizure is one of the commonest childhood neurologic diseases. There is an increasing concern that vitamin D deficiency may play an etiological role. This study was conducted to find out the association between vitamin D levels and febrile seizure. Objective were to determine the association of vitamin D levels in children with simple febrile seizure. Methods: This case control study was conducted in institute of child and mother health, Dhaka from July 2019 to June 2020. Children aged six to sixty months with simple febrile seizure were ‘cases’ and those having fever without seizure were controls. Detailed history regarding breastfeeding, intake of calcium and vitamin D rich diet, sunlight exposure, family history of seizure was taken and physical examinations were done. Data collection was done through a pretested structured questionnaire. Serum vitamin D level was measured. Results: There were 44 cases of simple febrile seizure and 50 controls. Mean age of the study participants was 16.5±8.9 and 14.4±7.1 months in case group and control group respectively, with a majority in the age group 6-12 months. 34.1% of cases and 22% of controls had deficient vitamin D while 50% of cases and 34% of controls had insufficient vitamin D, respectively. Reduced vitamin D level was more common in case group. Mean vitamin D level was also significantly lower in case group. Conclusions: Decreased vitamin D level was found to be significantly associated with simple febrile seizure.

Background: Respiratory distress is the most frequent cause of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Despite tremendous advancement in the management, it is still a major cause perinatal deaths particularly in this part of world. Objective were to determine  the risk factors, causes and  outcome of respiratory distress in neonates admitted in  a NICU. Methods:  This cross-sectional study was carried out in NICU of institute of child and mother health, Dhaka from July 2020 to June 2021. Total 78 newborns aged below 28 days admitted with respiratory distress were enrolled. Respiratory distress was categorized as mild, moderate and severe according to Downe’s scoring. Results: Most of the babies (78.2%) belonged to age group ≤24 hours. The leading causes of distress in preterm were respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and that in term were perinatal asphyxia (PNA) and transient tachypnoea of neonates (TTN), both with statistical significance. Pneumonia, sepsis, congenital heart disease (CHD) and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) were among the other important causes. There was no significant difference between mode of respiratory support and length of hospital stay with the outcome of neonates. Severe respiratory distress was significantly associated with poor outcome. Majority 64 (82.1%) of babies were discharged, 12(15.4%) neonates succumbed to death and 2(2.6%) babies were referred. Conclusions: PNA, TTN, RDS, pneumonia, sepsis, CHD and MAS were the predominant causes of NICU admission with respiratory distress. Severe respiratory distress was single most association with poor outcome.