Electrocatalytic partial oxygen reduction
has been considered a
more sustainable approach to the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as compared with current industrial anthraquinone
processes. One key research need is to explore low-cost active electrocatalysts.
Here, we report a facile, solvent-free method to synthesize a metal-free
nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon (N-OMC) by in situ transforming
of glycine (carbon and nitrogen precursors) in the mesoporous SiO2 template (KIT-6) followed by subsequent thermal treatment
at different temperatures. Among all samples, the catalyst treated
at 800 °C (N-OMC-800), the nitrogen-rich carbon, exhibits outstanding
structural properties and porosity, showing the dominant formation
of pyrrolic-N and graphitic-N. With combined improved structural properties
with the optimal ratio of N-pyrrolic/N-graphitic, P/G carbon provided
an outstanding electrocatalytic activity, promoting H2O2 with high selectivity and production rate in alkaline mediums.
The N-OMC-800 can achieve a faradaic efficiency (FE) of ∼100%
to H2O2 at (0.6 VRHE to 0.4 VRHE) in a H-cell containing 0.1 M KOH. Furthermore, its bulk
H2O2 electrosynthesis in our self-designed flow
cell confirmed its practical capability by showing a remarkable H2O2 production rate of 9.43 mol gcat–1 h–1 at 0.35 VRHE and maintaining nearly
100% FE at the cathode potential of 0.6 VRHE for 12 h without
any degradation.
Jones type fifth metatarsal fracture is a common occurrence among athletes at all levels. These fractures may occur due to several mechanisms, but inversions and twisting injuries are considered some of the leading causes in sports. However, while Jones fracture incidences are frequent in the sporting world, there is still a lack of consensus on how such fractures should be effectively managed. There are numerous treatment options for patients with fifth metatarsal Jones fractures. The role of nonoperative treatment remains controversial, with concerns about delayed union and nonunion. Surgical stabilization of metatarsal Jones fractures is therefore often recommended for athletes, as it is often associated with a low number of complications and a higher rate of union than nonoperative management. This review will focus on literature regarding the prevalence of Jones type fifth metatarsal fracture, alongside the efficacy of both conservative and surgical treatment within this population.
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