The aim of this study was to explore the self-perceived needs for adult family members having critically ill patient, measure to how extent the needs are met and identify who meet the needs. The study took place in critical care units of the largest governmental hospital in Jordan. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design. The Arabic translation of Critical Care Family Need Inventory was used to investigate the needs of convenient samples of 60 adult family members having critically ill patients. Findings revealed that 16 out of 45 need items on the CCFNI were rated as very important in >90% of the sample. The participants ranked need for assurance, information and proximity as the highest; need for support and comfort as the lowest. Families in this study viewed nurses as the most important source to meet their needs. A holistic approach of nursing management requires that nurses assess family needs using valid and reliable tools and develop intervention strategies to meet the identified needs.

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Hollow box pultruded fibre-reinforced polymers (PFRP) profiles are increasingly used as structural elements in many structural applications due to their cost-effective manufacturing process, excellent mechanical properties-to-weight ratios, and superior corrosion resistance. Despite the extensive usage of PFRP profiles, there is still a lack of knowledge in the design for manufacturing against local buckling on the structural level. In this review, the local buckling of open-section (I, C, Z, L, T shapes) and closed-section (box) FRP structural shapes was systematically compared. The local buckling is influenced by the unique stresses distribution of each section of the profile shapes. This article reviews the related design parameters to identify the research gaps in order to expand the current design standards and manuals of hollow box PFRP profiles and to broaden their applications in civil structures. Unlike open-section profiles, it was found that local buckling can be avoided for box profiles if the geometric parameters are optimised. The identified research gaps include the effect of the corner (flange-web junction) radius on the local buckling of hollow box PFRP profiles and the interactions between the layup properties, the flange-web slenderness, and the corner geometry (inner and outer corner radii). More research is still needed to address the critical design parameters of layup and geometry controlling the local buckling of pulwound box FRP profiles and quantify their relative contribution and interactions. Considering these interactions can facilitate economic structural designs and guidelines for these profiles, eliminate any conservative assumptions, and update the current design charts and standards.

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