-In this paper, a comparative study of the treatment of raw and biotreated (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket, UASB) textile dye bath effluent using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is presented. The AOPs applied on raw and biotreated textile dye bath effluent, after characterization in terms of COD, colour, BOD and pH, were ozone, UV, UV/H 2 O 2 and photo-Fenton. The decolorization of raw dye bath effluent was 58% in the case of ozonation. However it was 98% in the case of biotreated dye bath effluent when exposed to UV/H 2 O 2 . It is, therefore, suggested that a combination of biotreatment and AOPs be adopted to decolorize dye bath effluent in order to make the process more viable and effective. Biodegradability was also improved by applying AOPs after biotreatment of dye bath effluent.

Shade selection is an important step in restorative procedures. The objective of this step is to provide aesthetically pleasing restorations which blend in with the existing dentition of the patient. This article highlights clinical difficulties which may hinder proper shade selection and a number of factors causing these difficulties. For ease of understanding, these factors have been divided into four categories. These are factors related to the dentist, the shade matching environment, the material used for shade selection and the patient. Because shade selection is an important step, it is recommended that this step should be given sufficient time. A checklist and a form for shade selection have also been devised to avoid any oversights during shade selection. This will help improve dentist laboratory communication which can result in an improved and aesthetically pleasing restoration. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Shade selection is a crucial step in the process of fabricating an aesthetically pleasing restoration.

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Objectives: The present study aims to fi nd out the correlation of maxillary anterior teeth and the nose width in a dentate study population of Gandhara University, Peshawar.Methods and materials: The study population was the students of Gandhara University, Peshawar. Out of these a total of 211 students were invited to participate in the study. Both male and female were included in the sample population. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institution of the University. Informed consent was also obtained from the participants of the study. Interalar width was measured with Vernier caliper and the Intercanine distance was measured on a cast obtained from impression of the arch.Results: A correlation was found between the interalar widths and combined mesio-distal dimensions of anterior 6 maxillary teeth; however, when compared in males and females the diff erence was not signifi cant.Conclusion: Although nose can be used as guide for selection of maxillary anterior teeth width, however more than one guide must be used for predictable results.

OBJECTIVESTo collect information about the Perceptions of dental students regarding Formative and Summative Assessment in Sardar Begum Dental College.METHODS This cross sectional study was conducted at Sardar Begum Dental College, Peshawar. Pre validated Assessment Experience Questionnaire was used to collect information. All the students of 2nd, 3rd, 4th year BDS and House officers who have joined and continued their bachelors education at Sardar Begum Dental College and Hospital from the first year were invited to participate in this study through Convenience sampling technique after taking verbal and written consent.RESULTSOverall response rate was 29.3% in 2nd Year, 35.1% in 3rd year, 75.7% in 4th Year and 92.7% among house officers.60-70% students opined that formative assessment experiences stimulated deep learning and were useful in the preparation for summative assessment. Majority of the students were satisfied with the atmosphere, structure and conduct of summative assessment. More than 70% admitted that they learn more when preparing for summative assessment near the examination. Almost 60% prefer to have more number of SEQs by claiming that these let them apply deep learning. Despite of accepting the contents of OSCE/OSPE as of good quality, majority students from all the professional years were dissatisfied from the time allocation as well as slides and images placed in each stationCONCLUSIONStudents like formative assessment mainly because of feedback as it helps them in learning as well as preparing for summative assessment. All parts of summative assessment were more satisfactory for the students.