Patients on dialysis experience psychological distress, which can impact pain perception. Reduction of stress and anxiety in patients provides psychological resources to cope with their physical condition. We examined the efficacy of relaxation training on stress, anxiety, and pain perception of hemodialysis (HD) patients. eighty HD patients were randomized into two groups (intervention and control). Benson relaxation training was implemented in the intervention group for 15 min twice daily during 4 weeks. Pain perception, stress, and anxiety scale were evaluated before and after intervention. There were significant differences between pain perception, stress, and anxiety levels in case group before and after intervention (P < 0.001) and there was a correlation between pain perception with stress and anxiety. Instructing Benson's relaxation technique is accompanied by reducing pain, stress, and anxiety level of HD patients. Reducing stress and anxiety can provide calmness for the patients so that pursuing medical therapy would be accompanied with more tranquility and low pain intensity. We suggest improving and preventing the patients' psychological problems as well as other chronic disorders through applying nonpharmacological interventions.

Background:Hemodialysis patients usually experience high levels of psychological stress, anxiety, and depression. Reducing these matters in patients provides more psychological resources to cope with their physical situation.Aim:The present study aimed to explore the efficacy of Benson's relaxation technique for stress, anxiety, and depression of patients with hemodialysis.Materials and Methods:Eighty hemodialysis patients were selected from two hospitals as an intervention and control groups. Then Benson relaxation training was implemented in the intervention group for 15 min twice a day during 4 weeks. The patients were assessed by depression, anxiety, and stress scale; which was completed before and after the intervention.Results:There were significant differences between stress and anxiety levels in case group before and after intervention (P > 0.001) and there is no meaningful difference between the mean of depression value in case group before and after intervention (P > 0.22).Conclusion:Instructing Benson's relaxation technique is accompanied by reducing stress and anxiety level of hemodialysis patients. Reducing stress and anxiety levels can provide more calmness for the patients so that pursuing medical therapy would be accompanied with more tranquility. Authors have suggested to improve and prevent the patients’ psychological problems as well as other chronic disorders by applying this practice.

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IntroductionA pressure ulcer is a serious safety issue in healthcare systems. The patient’s rate of infection with an ulcer, especially a postoperative ulcer, is critical, as it is dictated by factors such as being in a fixed position during surgery, the type of anesthesia used, the duration of surgery, and patient-related factors. The present study was conducted to carry out a systematic assessment of the prevalence of a postoperative pressure ulcer and to find its general prevalence using a meta-analysis.MethodsThe researchers searched databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, the Thomson Reuters’ Web of Science (WOS). For English articles published online between January 2000 and October 2015 on the subject of a pressure ulcer, a total of 19 articles were ultimately selected based on the study inclusion criteria. Then results were analyzed in Stata-11.ResultsThe 19 articles qualified for entering the meta-analysis examined a total of 9527 patients. The studies estimated the general prevalence of a postoperative pressure ulcer as 18.96% (CI 95%: 15.3–22.6); the prevalence by gender was reported as 10.1% (CI 95%: 7.2–13.01) in men and 12.8% (CI 95%: 8.3–17.2) in women. Stage 1 ulcer had a 17.02% prevalence (CI 95%: 11.04–22.9), stage 2 a 6.7% prevalence (CI 95%: 3.8–9.7), stage 3 a 0.9% prevalence (CI 95%: 0.2–1.6), and stage 4 a 0.4% (CI 95%: −0.05–0.8) prevalence.ConclusionThe prevalence of a postoperative pressure ulcer is high among the entire population; however, it is still higher in women than in men. The prevalence of a stage 1 ulcer is higher than the prevalence of the other stages of an ulcer.