Objectives: To assess the pattern and degree of hearing loss in CSOM. Methods: A prospective study was carried out from January, 2007 to December, 2008 at the department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, BSMMU, Dhaka This study included 150 cases with 198 ears of CSOM including both tubo-tympanic and attico-antral variety excluding intracranial complications if any. Results: There were 81.31% cases of tubo-tympanic and 18.69% cases of attico-antral patients. Age of the patients was between 5-60 years, where male were 59.33% and female were 44.67%. Highest number of patients was in the age group of 21-30 years. Out of 198 ears, 102 had unilateral perforation and 96 had bilateral perforation. Most of the patients (53.33%) came from low income family and majority of them used to take their bath in the pond (29.34%) followed by tube-well (24.44%). Most of the patients had cleaning habit with clothes with sticks (53.5%).Majority of them resided in katcha house (52%) with poor hygienic condition. Central melleolar perforations were maximum (41.41%) and anterior central perforations were minimum (18.69%). According to sized of perforation, medium size central perforations were common (26.67%) It was shown that the site and sized of perforation affects the degree of hearing loss. Posterior central and attic perforations had greater hearing loss, 51.5 dB and 57.36 dB accordingly. On the basis of size, subtotal perforation had more hearing loss (54.54dB). It was also shown that posterior central perforation had greater hearing loss (51.5dB) than anterior- central (33.64dB) perforation. Hearing loss was more marked in patients with long duration of disease. In a history of 21-25years of disease, mean air conduction thresholds was 59 dB whereas of 0-5 years were 38.18 dB. Difference between them was statistically significant (t=5.88, p<0.001). Among the pattern of hearing loss, most of patients had conductive type (80.8%) hearing loss followed by mixed (17.17%) and sensorineural types (2.01%). Conclusion: Site of perforation, size of perforation and duration of disease affects the degree of hearing loss in CSOM . Key words: Hearing loss; CSOM; Tubo-tympanic; Attico-antral. DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v16i2.6844Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 16(2): 96-105

Objectives: To find out the frequency ,indications and effects of tracheostomy in head-neck malignancy.Methods: Total 100 cases of head-neck malignancy that needed tracheostomy were studied in the department of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck surgery of Dhaka Medical College Hospital and Begum Khaleda Zia Medical College and Shahid Sohrawardi Hospital, Dhaka.Results: The mean age of the subjects was 53.60 years. Out of 100 cases male were 86 and female were 14 with male to female ratio 6.14:1. The highest number of the subjects were related to cultivation and majority of the subjects came from poor socio-economic status. Malignancy in head-neck region is multifactorial disease. Regarding habits 71% were smoker, 21% were habituated with chewing betel nut and leaf. Only 2% were alcoholic. In 93% tracheostomy was done on an emergency basis and rest 7% was elective. Carcinoma of larynx was the most frequent indication (65%), which was followed by carcinoma pyriform fossa (28%), carcinoma base of the tongue (3%), carcinoma tonsil 2% and carcinoma thyroid gland 2%. The rate of complications was 41%. Surgical emphysema was the commonest complications (19%), which were followed by haemorrhage (7%), wound infection (4%), tube displacement (3%), tube blockage (3%), crusting (2%), stomal stenosis and subglottic stenosis (1%). No fatality was found in this study.Conclusion: The rate of complication of tracheostomy is high in patients of head-neck malignancy with respiratory distress. Key words: Tracheostomy; Head Neck Cancer. DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v16i2.6847Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 16(2): 120-125

Objective: To observe the correlation between fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and Histopathology in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions. Methods:It was a Retrospective record review study .One hundred four (104) Patients with enlarged thyroid gland of both sexes were selected from admitted patients of National institute of ENT, Tejgaon, Dhaka, Duration was from January 2017 to December 2018. Every patients had preoperative FNAC & postoperative histopathology report of thyroid lesions. Results: FNACdiagnosis of thyroid lesions were correlated with histopathology diagnosis. Out of 104 patients 26 were male 78 were female. Male-Female ratio were 1:3.out of 104 patients most Patients were 31 to 40 years of ageGroup.out of 104 cases of FNAC 9 cases were false Cyto-diagnosis. Overall accuracy rate was 91.35%. Conclusion: FNAC is a reliable, safe and relatively accurate method as apreoperative evaluationin thyroid gland swelling before surgery. FNAC has more accuracy in detecting thyroid gland malignancy and therefore it is a reliable diagnostic test for evaluation of thyroid swelling. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2021; 27(1): 81-85

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate hearing outcome after stapedotomy in patients with Otosclerosis. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out from July 2017 to January 2019 in National Institute of ENT, Unit V. About 22 patients with Otosclerosis were included in this study. Diagnosis of Otosclerosis was based on the history, medical status with Otoscopy, Tuning fork tests and Audiometric tests. We compiled data on the pre and post operative air-bone gap (ABG) at 0.5, 1, 2 KHZ. The ABG was Calculated using AC and BC thresholds on the same audiogram. Post operative hearing gain was then Calculated from the ABG before the operation minus the ABG of the last follow up examination Results: In this study most of the cases were age group 14-30 years (72.7%), female (54.5%). Most common symptoms was progressive hearing loss, tinnitus (77.8%).The average preoperative hearing loss in this study was (AC) was 48.31±7.68. The average post opt. hearing (AC) at follow up was 28.95±10.30 with an average hearing gain of 15.40±8.53 dB which was significant. The average pre-operative ABG was 28.99 dB ± 8.10. The average post opt. ABG was analyzed at 1 follow up showed ABG 13.18±8.09 dB which was found to be significant. Conclusion: Stapedotomy is an effective surgical procedure for the treatment of otosclerosis which leads to improvement in patient’s quality of life. A favorable hearing outcome can be obtained by the combination of experienced hands with minimal surgical trauma and appropriate surgical technique. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2020; 26(1): 31-36

The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is damage to the glands during thyroid surgery. Parathyroid gland preservation during thyroidectomy is not only desirable, but essential for the effective management of surgical diseases of the thyroid gland Objective: To find out the incidence rate of hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy. Methods: Study Period: 2 years from Jan 2017 to December 2018 Place of Study : National Institute of ENT, Tejgaon, Dhaka Study Design: Prospective Observational Study Sample size: 107 Sampling Technique: Convenient Sampling technique Results: Among the 107 cases 39 cases were malignant comprising 36.45% of the cases. toxic multinodular goitre were 6 cases among 107 cases (5.6%) and rest 62 cases were benign multinodular goitre with or without cystic change and follicular adenomas (57.94 %). 29 cases out of 39 malignant cases were papillary carcinoma of thyroid (74.36% of malignant lesions), 2 cases of medullary Ca thyroid (5.12 % of malignant lesions) rest 8 were follicular carcinoma (20.51% of malignant lesions). 26 out of 107 (24.30%) cases suffered from postoperative hypocalcaemic tetany within 1st-5th POD. Their parathyroid hormones were significantly reduced and serum calcium were also reduced and they required calcium supplementation. In 5 (4.67%) cases there was no sign and symptoms of tetany but their serum parathormone levels were little below normal level but serum calcium levels were normal and therefore no calcium supplementation were given. The rest 76 (71.03%) cases did not show any sign or symptoms of tetany and did not require calcium supplementation. Among the patients who suffered from tetany majority were cases of Carcinoma of thyroid (18 out of 26 patients of hypoparathyroidism) 69.23%, however lateral neck dissection did not seem to affect decline in parathyroid function as 10 out of 18 patients with thyroid malignancy who suffered from postoperative tetany undergone level II to level V neck dissection in addition to total thyroidectomy. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2020; 26(2): 116-120