Living organisms require trace amounts of heavy metals, including cobalt, copper, manganese and zinc to survive. However, the excessive levels of the metal can be detrimental to the organism. Other heavy metals such as mercury, lead and cadmium have no vital on organisms, and their accumulation in long time period in the bodies can cause serious illness or death. The consumption of fish is recommended because fish is a basic and good nutritious food that has omega-3 fatty acids due to its cardio-protective effects. This present mini-review accounts for the description of heavy metal in fish and the effect of toxic metals on the human health. Besides, the acid digestion method was also discussed in order to identify the best method for applying in the laboratory analysis. The best method used can reduce the contamination error in the results.

The map of Tanjung Lumpur to Cherok Paloh from 1996 to 2004 revealed that there were significant changes on coastal profiles. If the problem remains unsolved within 5 to 10 years, the beaches in the area might be fully eroded. The main objective of this study is to measure erosion of the coastline along Tanjung Lumpur to Cherok Paloh, Pahang during the northeast monsoon (December 2013 to February 2014). Transit set and dry sieving method were used for beach profile and grain size characteristics measurement. GRADISTAT v8 program is used for sedimentological analysis. Cluster analysis was used to show the group of higher eroded, medium eroded and lower eroded. The study found that almost all of the beach profiles had increased in length and the beach slopes were steeper; meanwhile the sedimentological analysis indicated that all the stations were dominated by sandy type during the period of study. The action of higher waves, tides and currents were the biggest contribution to erosion during northeast monsoon.  From this study, it can be concluded that almost all stations have undergone erosion during the northeast season.

Rivers is one of the complex natural systems. Classification of the river plan change is very important to know the river problems in early stage, where the classification database can help to understand the behavior of the river in each part. This article discusses about the classification of river plan change at the mainstream of Pahang River, Malaysia. Based on Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) database, analysis of Types Of Lateral Activity (TYLAT) method and Modes of Meander Movement (MOME) method have been used to identify the evolution of the river plan change. The study results indicated, methods of TYLAT are more suitable to use for examining the evolution of river plan change for large and width rivers. While, method of analysis MOME index is more suitable for smaller types of rivers as the upper and middle reaches of the river. From this result, this study can be produced the basic information or database to understanding the characteristics or behavior parts in parts of the main Pahang River. This result also is very important to local authorities to know the early river problems in this area.

This study aims to identify the spatial variation of air pollutant and its pattern in the northern part of Peninsular Malaysia for four years monitoring observation (2008-2011) based on the seven air monitoring stations. Air pollutant variables that used in this study were Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Ozone (O3), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Particulate Matter (PM10) data and had been supplied by Department Of Environment Malaysia (DOE). ANOVA, environmetric techniques (HACA and Descriptive Analysis) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach were used in data analysed. According to ANOVA single test, significance p-value of PM10 (p= 2.5E-268) is smaller than significance alpha level (p=0.05) and it suitable parameter for further analysis in construct the prevention actions compared to O3, NO2 and CO. HACA categorized seven air monitoring station into three cluster group of station such as High Concentrated Site (HCS), Moderate Concentrated Site (MCS), and Low Concentrated Site (LCS). Descriptive statistics show the 25th percentile, median, and 75th percentile boxplot and identified the greater (>500 µg/m3) and smaller (<0.05ppm) outliers, and comparing distributions between each air pollutant. The findings from ANN have verified that the R2 and RMSE value (0.7981 and 5.734, respectively) were categorized as a significant value for the future prediction. In contrast, PM10 levels in Air Pollutant Index equal to 43.59 were 67.91 ug/m3, O3 (0.038 ppm), NO2 (0.019 ppm), and then CO (1.27 ppm) concentration values. This proved that the PM10 concentration was categorized as a main contributor to the air pollutant measurement of statistical method compared with other pollutants.

The objectives of this study are to identify the significant variables and to verify the best statistical method for determining the effect of indoor air quality (IAQ) at 7 different locations in Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia. The IAQ data were collected using in-situ measurement. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), linear discrimination analysis (LDA), and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) were used to classify the significant variables as well as to compare the best method for determining IAQ levels. PCA verifies only 4 out of 9 parameters (PM 10 , PM 2.5 , PM 1.0 , and O 3 ) and is the significant variable in IAQ. The PLS-DA model classifies 89.05% correct of the IAQ variables in each station compared to LDA with only 66.67% correct. AHC identifies three cluster groups, which are highly polluted concentration (HPC), moderately polluted concentration (MPC), and low-polluted concentration (LPC) area. PLS-DA verifies the groups produced by AHC by identifying the variables that affect the quality at each station without being affected by redundancy. In conclusion, PLS-DA is a promising procedure for differentiating the group classes and determining the correct percentage of variables for IAQ.