Solid waste management is a growing challenge to many countries. The implications of poorly managed waste on health are numerous. Improper waste management serve as the breeding places for many vectors resulting in proliferation of vector-borne diseases. This article highlights the impact of improper solid waste management on the public health and the increase risk of vector-borne diseases.

Introduction: Knowledge on under-five childhood immunization has been identified as a key factor in determining understanding and compliance to the schedule. Understanding the current levels of knowledge and introducing a health intervention to improve the level will benefit the population to be healthier and reduce morbidity. Materials and Method: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in nurseries in Putrajaya and Cyberjaya, Malaysia from January 2016 to January 2018. 98 respondents from Putrajaya were given the technology based intervention and 98 from Cyberjaya were the wait-listed control group. Respondents answered a validated, self-administered questionnaire at baseline, immediate post-intervention and 3 months post-intervention that were specifically targeted to examine their levels of knowledge on under five childhood intervention. Results: Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 23. The level of knowledge at baseline was 58.9% for the intervention group and 61.7% for the control group with no significant difference between both groups (p=0.651). Immediate post intervention showed a significant difference (p<0.001) between the intervention group (97.7%) and control group (54.9%). As for 3 months post-intervention the intervention group was 95.5% and the control was at 85.1% (p<0.001). Conclusion: The level of knowledge improved after receiving the health intervention module and was effective in the increasing of knowledge among the respondents. However, there are still gaps in research that must be addressed in future studies to help further improve knowledge on under-five childhood immunization schedule.

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Background:  The COVID-19 pandemic situation in Malaysia has resulted in a whole country approach where a newly built makeshift low risk Covid-19 treatment centre was chosen to house all COVID-19 positive illegal immigrants.  In view of the desperate situation the detained illegal immigrants were in as the risks of them behaving aggressively, taking hostage, running away and escaping from the treatment centre were high this is the first time ever other governmental, non-governmental and security agencies worked alongside healthcare personnel in a biological hazard treatment centre while the clinical management was of no different than any other clinical setup in the country.   Methodology:  This is a semi-quantitative and integrated type of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control (HIRARC) approach where it incorporates risk rating and severity rating to cover four elements, which are people, property, environment, and reputation.  Total scores range from 1 to 25 and was further categorized into low, medium and high risk in a color-coded representation.  The assessment was done for two weeks from 27th May 2020 till 11th June 2020. Result & Discussion: Four types of occupational and security hazards identified were physical, biological, psychological and ergonomics hazards.  this evaluation serves as a good planning tool in optimizing the risk mitigation measures among security personnel working in a biological hazardous environment. Physical hazards with possible violence and riot scored the highest risk while ergonomic issues had the lowest rating.  Conclusion:  The mapping combination of existing hazard, risk rating and control was able to facilitate organization to prioritise future planning.  With the fluidity of the COVID-19 pandemic, periodical evaluation is recommended to meet dynamic changes such as demands for frontliner manpower strength, the number of existing detainee patients in ward and the evolution of the COVID-19 infection itself to maintain safety and security for all.

The COVID-19 pandemic that landed on Malaysian shores in January of 2019, was an event that is unbelievable, unexpected, ill-prepared and extremely underestimated. The pandemic exposed cracks and fractures that exist in our healthcare system and showed how fragile and vulnerable our public health infrastructure is. As Malaysians soldier on to what seems a knee-level muddy struggle in health, economy, and social well-being in a post-COVID-19 world, one must note that we must adapt and prepare in order to be resilient and be on-standby for future pandemics should they hit us again. Herewith lies the 5 pillars – digitalization of the healthcare system, integration of public health and clinical care, inter-agency collaboration, effective risk-communication, and most importantly, effective and strong governance. The first pillar focuses on the need to rapidly deploy and create a digital ecosystem that has a strong UI/UX base, both modifiable and adaptive in nature that is robust in facing any new developments in pandemic and public health challenges. The second pillar addresses the need to bridge the gap between public health services and clinical care for a seamless patient experience. The third pillar is the way forward on cutting through the bureaucracy that hinders effective implementation. The fourth pillar details the need of keeping order in chaos, enabling the people to understand and absorb trustable, reliable and accurate information. The fifth pillar is the cream of them all, where governance of the future will capture and effectively prepare the nation for a post-COVID-19 world with key policies, regulations and readied workforce.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2022 Page: S7