Arabic text recognition is a challenging task because of the cursive nature of Arabic writing system, its joint writing scheme, the large number of ligatures and many other challenges. Deep Learning (DL) models achieved significant progress in numerous domains including computer vision and sequence modelling. This paper presents a model that can recognize Arabic text that was printed using multiple font types including fonts that mimic Arabic handwritten scripts. The proposed model employs a hybrid DL network that can recognize Arabic printed text without the need for character segmentation. The model was tested on a custom dataset comprised of over two million word samples that were generated using (18) different Arabic font types. The objective of the testing process was to assess the model's capability in recognizing a diverse set of Arabic fonts representing a varied cursive styles. The model achieved good results in recognizing characters and words and it also achieved promising results in recognizing characters when it was tested on unseen data. The prepared model, the custom datasets and the toolkit for generating similar datasets are made publically available, these tools can be used to prepare models for recognizing other font types as well as to further extend and enhance the performance of the proposed model.

Abstract-Two models have been developed for simulating CO 2 emissions from wheat farms: (1) an artificial neural network (ANN) model; and (2) a multiple linear regression model (MLR). Data were collected from 40 wheat farms in the Canterbury region of New Zealand. Investigation of more than 140 various factors enabled the selection of eight factors to be employed as the independent variables for final the ANN model. The results showed the final ANN developed can forecast CO 2 emissions from wheat production areas under different conditions (proportion of wheat cultivated land on the farm, numbers of irrigation applications and numbers of cows), the condition of machinery (tractor power index (hp/ha) and age of fertilizer spreader) and N, P and insecticide inputs on the farms with an accuracy of ±11% (± 113 kg CO 2 /ha). The total CO 2 emissions from farm inputs were estimated as 1032 kg CO 2 /ha for wheat production. On average, fertilizer use of 52% and fuel use of around 20% have the highest CO 2 emissions for wheat cultivation. The results confirmed the ANN model forecast CO 2 emissions much better than MLR model.

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Abstract-This paper presents an Arabic-compliant part-ofspeech (POS) tagging scheme based on using atomic tag markers that are grouped together using brackets. This scheme promotes the speedy production of annotations while preserving the richness of resultant annotations. The proposed scheme is comprised of two main elements, a new tokenization approach and a custom tool that enables the semi-automatic implementation of this scheme. The proposed model can serve in many scenarios where the user is in a need for better Arabic support and more control over the Part-of-Speech tagging process. This scheme was used to annotate sample narratives and it demonstrated capability and adaptability while addressing the various distinguishing features of Arabic language including its unique declension system. It also sets new baselines that are prospect for further exploration by future efforts.

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