Background: Ultrasonography is a helpful tool for assessing the state of a pregnancy in its early stages. Sonography in the first trimester is important for determining gestational age, determining location, and even discovering some early malformations. Ultrasonography has a high sensitivity for detecting anomalies of the gestional sac, yolk sac, and embryo that indicate a poor outcome, in addition to documenting normal development. Aim of the work:To see if the size of the yolk sac, the size of the gestational sac, and the early embryonic heart rate (EHR) may be used to predict pregnancy outcome. Patients and methods: During the period of January 2021 to June 2021, 200 patients in the outpatient clinic of the obstetrics and gynaecology department of Al-Azhar University hospitals in uncomplicated singleton pregnancy were studied. Results:The median yolk sac diameter in the ongoing pregnancy group was (2.28+1362 mm) at 6 weeks, compared to (1.76+0.652 mm) in the miscarrying group. Size and shape anomalies of the yolk sac can be utilised as an effective predictor of early gestational loss. The mean gestational sac diameter at 6 weeks in a continuing pregnancy (15.73+1.98 mm) versus (13.86+1.96 mm) in the miscarrying group. The mean embryonic heart rate in the continued pregnancy group was (l17.14+8.28) compared to (88.80+15.41) in the miscarrying group at 6 weeks. Conclusion:The results of a first-trimester vaginal ultrasound can be utilised to evaluate pregnancies that have been complicated by a negative obstetric history. Embryonic heart rate; yolk sac diameter; gestational sac diameter.

SynopsisThe emulsion polymerization of MMA was studied in water using potassium persulfate as initiator and dodocyl benzene sodium sulfonate as emulsifying agent in the absence and presence of burnt mazote boiler deposit (BMBD). The BMBD has a catalytic effect on the polymerization reaction; its effect on the mean average molecular weights of the obtained polymers was also examined by viscosity measurements. The molecular weight distribution was obtained by thin layer chromatographic analysis. The polydispersity for the obtained polymers was wider when prepared in the presence of BMBD. The apparent activation energy among 65, 75, and 85°C for this system was 13.2 X lo4 J/mol and 9.2 x 104 J/mol when the polymerization is carried out in the absence and presence of 0.1 g BMBDI20 mL of the reaction mixture, respectively. The suitable mobile phase was ethylacetate or dimethylformamide as single eluent system. In case of binary eluent systems the mobile phase was benzene + methanol (1:1.4 by volume).

The emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate was studied in water using potassium persulphate as initiator and dedocyl–benzene sodium sulphonate as emulsifying agent at 85°C. The effect of Egyptian delta titano magnetite ore (EDTMO) upon the activation energy and on the mean average molecular weights of the obtained polymers was studied. It was found that the viscosity average molecular weights increase with decrease of reaction temperature and initiator concentration but increase with increase of monomer concentration in the reaction medium. Some of the polymer samples prepared in absence and in presence of some (EDTMO) were separated on tlc plates according to molecular weight in binary mixture, benzene:methanol (1:1.4 by volume) at 30°C. The tlc techniques were performed to give an idea about the molecular weight distribution of the polymer samples obtained.

Background: Uterine fibroid (Leiomyomata) is the most common benign tumor in women. It may be solitary, multiple or diffuse, there is a genetic predisposition to the development of leiomyomata.Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of myomectomy during cesarean section.

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