We applied a new method to compute tsunami Green's functions for slip inversion of the 1 April 2014 Iquique earthquake using both near-field and far-field tsunami waveforms. Inclusion of the effects of the elastic loading of seafloor, compressibility of seawater, and the geopotential variation in the computed Green's functions reproduced the tsunami traveltime delay relative to long-wave simulation and allowed us to use far-field records in tsunami waveform inversion. Multiple time window inversion was applied to tsunami waveforms iteratively until the result resembles the stable moment rate function from teleseismic inversion. We also used GPS data for a joint inversion of tsunami waveforms and coseismic crustal deformation. The major slip region with a size of 100 km × 40 km is located downdip the epicenter at depth~28 km, regardless of assumed rupture velocities. The total seismic moment estimated from the slip distribution is 1.24 × 10 21 N m (M w 8.0).

Tsunami hazard in the Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ), off the southern coasts of Iran and Pakistan, was studied by numerical modeling of historical tsunami in this region. Although the MSZ triggered the second deadliest tsunami in the Indian Ocean, among those known, the tsunami hazard in this region has yet to be analyzed in detail. This paper reports the results of a risk analysis using five scenario events based on the historic records, and identifies a seismic gap area in western Makran off the southern coast of Iran. This is a possible site for a future large earthquake and tsunami. In addition, we performed numerical modeling to explain some ambiguities in the historical reports. Based on the modeling results, we conclude that either the extreme run-up of 12-15 m assigned for the 1945 Makran tsunami in the historical record was produced by a submarine landslide triggered by the parent earthquake, or that these reports are exaggerated. The other possibility could be the generation of the huge run-up heights by large displacements on splay faults. The results of run-up modeling reveal that a large earthquake and tsunami in the MSZ is capable of producing considerable run-up heights in the far field. Therefore, it is possible that the MSZ was the source of the tsunami encountered by a Portuguese fleet in Dabhul in 1524.

We proposed a source model for the 16 September 2015 Illapel (Chile) tsunamigenic earthquake using teleseismic and tsunami data. The 2015 epicenter was at the northernmost of the aftershocks zone of the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake. Teleseismic body wave inversions and tsunami simulations showed optimum rupture velocities of 1.5–2.0 km/s. The agreement between observed and synthetic waveforms was quantified using normalized root‐mean‐square (NRMS) misfit. The variations of NRMS misfits were larger for tsunami data compared to the teleseismic data, because tsunami waveforms are more sensitive to the spatial distribution of slip. The large‐slip area was 80 km (along strike) × 100 km (along dip) with an average slip of 5.0 m and depth of 12–33 km, located ~70 km to the northwest of the epicenter. We obtained a seismic moment of 4.42 × 1021 Nm equivalent to Mw 8.4. Results may indicate a northward stress transfer from the 2010 Maule earthquake.