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Purpose This study aims to investigate the moderating effect of travel motivation on the relationship between perceived risks, travel constraints and visit intention of young women travelers. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative study was performed, and data were collected from 416 female university students using convenience sampling. Structural equation modeling with partial least square approach was used to test the research hypotheses. Findings The findings revealed that travel motivation has a moderating effect by weakening the negative relationships between physical risk, structural constraints and visit intention. Practical implications The findings of this study provide useful insights for destination managers about the influence of travel motivation on the behavioral intention of young women travelers in the case of higher perceptions of travel risks and constraints. Originality/value Literature has discussed the intervening role of travel motivations in different contexts. However, studies are scarce in examining the effect of travel motivation in weakening the negative influence of high perceptions of risks and constraints on intention to visit.

Several studies explain the direct effect of travel motivation, perceived risks, and travel constraints on visit intention. However, there are relatively limited investigations on the combined effect of these factors on visit intention. This study empirically tests a comprehensive model of visit intention based on travel motivation, perceived risks, and travel constraints. A quantitative study was performed on 316 university students in Malaysia. The results of the study found that travel motivation had a positive influence on visit intention. For perceived travel risks, performance risk and time risk had negative effects on visit intention. Physical risk, financial risk, and socio-psychological risk did not affect visit intention. Among travel constraints, interpersonal and intrapersonal constraints were negatively related to visit intention. The study also found that the effect size (f2) of statistically significant relationship was low in a few cases. The findings provide useful insight to destination managers in terms of integrating the influential factors in promotional strategies to develop intentions to visit India among potential market segment. The study also suggested future researchers to test the research framework at different levels of decision-making and contexts to prove its usability.

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Purpose Although studies have examined the role of physical factors such as physical environment, price/fee and personal safety in the satisfaction of international students, the effect of social factors such as emotional support, ethical conduct and student–lecturer attachment in international student’s satisfaction has yet to be explored. This study aims to investigate the effect of physical and social factors associated with the satisfaction of international university exchange students that leads to revisit intention. Design/methodology/approach A self-administered questionnaire survey was used to collect data from 166 international exchange students from a large public university in Malaysia using convenience sampling. The structural equation modelling through partial least square approach was used to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings The findings revealed that the physical environment, price/fee, personal safety and student–lecturer attachment had a positive relationship with student satisfaction. Also, student’s satisfaction significantly influenced their revisit intention to the university. Practical implications The findings of the study provide insight into the administration of higher education institutions about the factors that lead to the satisfaction of international exchange students. Marketing managers can also use the findings to develop strategies to attract more foreign students. Originality/value Previous studies discussed the physical factors that influence the satisfaction of international students. However, this study included the social factors which have not been tested in the context of international student satisfaction. The study provides a comprehensive framework that can be used to develop satisfaction among international exchange students.