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Introduction Malignant pleural effusion is a frequent problem. Pleurodesis is performed to prevent its recurrence. New, effective, and safe sclerosing agents are needed. Aim The aim of this was to compare efficacy and safety of silver nitrate solution 0.5% versus cisplatin in achievement of pleurodesis in malignant pleural effusion. Patients and methods Prospective randomized single-blinded clinical trial performed at Chest, Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine and Pathology Departments, Mansoura University, from February 2016 to March 2017. A total of 60 patients (26 male and 34 female) with malignant pleural effusion were divided into two groups: first group included 30 patients who were managed with silver nitrate pleurodesis, and second group included 30 patients who were managed by intrapleural cisplatin injection. The success rate of pleurodesis was considered if there was no clinical or radiological recurrence of effusion for 1 month after intervention. Results There were significant improvements in cough, chest pain, and dyspnea in the two groups after 1 month versus that before pleurodesis. The success rate of pleurodesis in silver nitrate group was 90 versus 76.7% in cisplatin group, without significant difference (P=0.166). Chest pain was reported in 26.7% in silver nitrate group and 13.3% in cisplatin group, and fever was reported in 33.3% in silver nitrate group and 20.0% in cisplatin group. Recurrence was reported in 10% in silver nitrate group and in 23.3% in cisplatin group. Conclusion Silver nitrate and cisplatin were nearly equally effective, safe, and less expensive agents in achievement of pleurodesis in patients with malignant effusion with high success rate and low complications.

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