By considering the adverse environmental impacts of the cement manufacturing process, there have been many efforts for cement replacement by supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), which can enhance the produced concrete performance while reducing cement consumption. This study evaluated the effects of various proportions of silica fume (SF), waste glass powder (WGP), and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) on the mechanical and durability properties of concrete. The properties evaluated in this study include compressive, tensile, and flexural strength, magnesium sulfate and sulfuric acid attack, surface resistivity, rapid chloride penetrability test (RCPT), water absorption, depth of penetration of water, and microstructure analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of compressive, tensile, and flexural strength, chloride ion penetrability, and water absorption tests showed that adding 5% of SF to mixtures containing 10% WGP or 10% GGBFS improved concrete performance significantly due to packing density and synergistic effect; however, adding 5% of SF to concrete mixtures decreased the resistance against the magnesium sulfate and sulfuric acid attack. The binary mixture of 15% of WGP showed appropriate performance against the magnesium sulfate and sulfuric acid attack, which may be due to the sacrificial nature of WGP. In addition, the binary mixtures of 15% of WGP and 15% of GGBFS reduced the depth of penetration of water by 45%. Microstructure analysis by SEM showed that the presence of SF, along with WGP and GGBFS, improves the packing density. Finally, adding 5% of SF is suggested to improve the properties of concrete mixtures containing WGP and GGBFS.

Today, the subjectof a building's resistance to lateral loads is one of the most important concerns of structural engineers. The partitions and infilled walls are non-structural elements that are important due to their effects on the lateral resistance of the building frame. Recently, it has been observed that great damage is occurring to infilled walls, partitions, and buildings in an earthquake-prone area. Infilled walls are effective at increasing the hardness and resistance of building frames, which changes the seismic properties of structures. Therefore, the study of interactions between the structural frame and the infilled walls is essential for a better understanding of structural behaviors. In this paper, the effect of infilled walls is investigated on the behaviour of steel frames using ABAQUS software. Modeling is carried out for different types of infilled materials, including brick and panel, as well as different thicknesses of the infills. It was observed that with an increase in the thickness of infills from 7 to 20 cm, the final capacity and energy absorption increased by 78%. Also, the panel-infilled frames have 18% more capacity and 3.8% more energy absorption than the brick-infilled frame in the same full state. As a result, panel-infilled frames outperform brick infilled frames in terms of performance.

Increased exploitation of underground resources compared is one of the main reasons for subsidence. Subsidence causes infrastructure damage and ultimately leads to increased risk to society and the economy. In some areas of Iran recently, buildings, runways, bridges, tunnels, streets, railways and roads have been severely damaged. In this study, the amount of land subsidence was analysed in the western region of Kerman city using interferometry of radar images of Sentinel-1 satellite data from 2014 to 2020 in Sentinel’s Application Platform software. Results show that the subsidence rate in the area changed between 3.3 cm to 13.2 cm, confirms a significant increase. Field studies indicate that increased utilisation of groundwater resources, compaction due to ground drainage and imposition of heavy loads can all cause subsidence, which in turn rate leads to huge damage to infrastructure.

Niavaran Complex features a mix of architectural styles with the elements from modernism and traditional Iranian architecture and is situated in the northern part of Tehran. The Sahebqaraniyeh Heritage Palace from the time of Naser al-Din Shah of the Qajar dynasty is located in this complex (1846-1896). Based on the initial investigation done by Iran’s Cultural Heritage Handicrafts and Tourism Organization (ICHHTO), significant damages and cracking were observed in structural elements of the palace (walls and roofs). To this end, since early 2014, the monument is closed to the public and in-depth assessment has been carried out. The study includes seismicity of the Niavaran fault, soil liquefaction, landslides, land subsidence, and historical aspects, such as the removal of stabilizing walls about half a century ago and the reduction in underground water level. The detailed field investigation and experimental testing were performed by the Building and Housing Research Center (BHRC) of Iran. One of the main investigations has been the influence of deep excavations downstream in the south part of the palace. The outcome of structural, geotechnical, geophysical, and other related investigations indicated that the Niavaran Cultural/Historic Complex has been damaged significantly in the last decades and is in urgent need of retrofitting/strengthening.