Monitoring of groundwater quality in today's scenario is very much important. Due to urbanization and population pressure regular monitoring of groundwater for drinking as well as irrigation purposes need a major concern. With this aim, a study has been carried out consisting 26 groundwater samples in May 2017, to access the physiochemical characteristic, water quality index (WQI) of groundwater by using GIS software and to find out the groundwater suitableness for drinking as well as for irrigation purpose. The pH is slightly alkaline and the TDS is much more than prescribed limits of BIS. The trend of cations in groundwater are Ca2+>Na+>Mg2+>K+ while anions trend is HCO3->SO42->Cl->NO3->CO32->F-. The Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Na-K-Cl-SO4 types of groundwater facies were dominant. Generally, the chemical changes in groundwater are administered by the evaporation process with ion exchange, and mixing of particles is the significant source of the solute acquisition process. WQI of the study area suggested that the 15% sample is unsuitable, 69% is poor and remaining is good for drinking uses. The potential salinity of the groundwater sample is nearly high although the majority of the sample is suited for irrigation activities.

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The present study was carried out near an industrial area with a high-density urban population and large-scale agricultural activities. These anthropogenic activities lead to groundwater pollution and depletion of the water table. This study attempted to classify pollution sources and hydrochemical facies that help to ensure the suitability of water for agriculture and drinking. Irrigation suitability indexes, water quality index (WQI), principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were applied to twenty-six groundwater samples that were analysed during May 2018 for major cations and anion concentrations. The results revealed that the mechanism of groundwater chemistry has been controlled by the evaporation process with the dominance of hydrochemical facies viz., Ca-Mg-HCO3, Na-K-Cl-SO4, Ca-Mg-Cl, and Na-K-HCO3. The mean dominant concentration for cations is in the order of Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ while anions are HCO3− > SO4− > Cl− > NO3− > CO32− > F−. Irrigation suitability indexes indicated that groundwater in the study area is high in saline and low to medium alkali hazards due to industrial activities. The PCA and HCA also recognized that most of the variations are elucidated by anthropogenic processes, predominantly due to excessive population, industrial emissions, and agricultural activities. Further, the WQI of the study area suggested that 15% of the samples were unsuitable, 69% poor, and the remaining 16% only suitable for drinking purposes. The present article helps to understand the suitability and hydrochemical processes of groundwater for irrigation and drinking, which will help policymakers in water supply planning and management.

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