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Highlights Chitosan hybridized with titanium dioxide nanoparticles improves its bone regeneration capability. Nano titanium dioxide addition to the matrix of chitosan sponges was done successfully, as depicted from an even distribution of nano titanium dioxide on the surface of the sponges. Chitosan – nanoTiO 2 scaffold results in significantly improved sponge robustness, biomineralization, and bone regeneration capability, as indicated by DMP1 and OCN gene upregulation in chitosan-50% nanoTiO 2 sample.

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AbstrakBagas merupakan residu padat pada proses pengolahan tebu menjadi gula, yang sejauh ini masih belum banyak dimanfaatkan menjadi produk yang mempunyai nilai tambah (added value). Bagas yang termasuk biomassa mengandung lignoselulosa sangat dimungkinkan untuk dimanfaatkan menjadi sumber energi alternatif seperti bioetanol atau biogas. Dengan pemanfaatan sumber daya alam terbarukan dapat mengatasi krisis energi terutama sektor migas. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan konversi bagas menjadi etanol dengan menggunakan enzim xylanase. Perlakuan dengan enzim lainnya saat ini sedang dikerjakan di laboratorium kami mengingat hemisulosa juga mengandung polisakarida lainnya yang dapat didekomposisi oleh berbagai enzim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan lignoselulosa pada bagas sebesar lebih kurang 52,7% selulosa, 20% hemiselulosa, dan 24,2% lignin. Hemiselulosa merupakan polisakarida yang dapat dihidrolisis oleh enzim xylanase dan kemudian akan difermentasikan oleh yeast S. Abstract Utilization of Bagasse Cellulose for Ethanol Production through Simultaneous Saccharification andFermentation by Xylanase. Bagasse is a solid residue from sugar cane process, which is not many use it for some product which have more added value. Bagasse, which is a lignosellulosic material, be able to be use for alternative energy resources like bioethanol or biogas. With renewable energy resources a crisis of energy in Republic of Indonesia could be solved, especially in oil and gas. This research has done the conversion of bagasse to bioethanol with xylanase enzyme. The result show that bagasse contains of 52,7% cellulose, 20% hemicelluloses, and 24,2% lignin. Xylanase enzyme and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to hydrolyse and fermentation in SSF process. Variation in this research use pH (4, 4,5, and 5), for increasing ethanol quantity, SSF process was done by added chloride acid (HCl) with concentration 0.5% and 1% (v/v) and also pre-treatment with white rot fungi such as Lentinus edodes (L.edodes) as long 4 weeks. The SSF process was done with 24, 48, 72, and 96 hour's incubation time for fermentation. Variation of pH 4, 4,5, and 5 can produce ethanol with concentrations 2,357 g/L, 2,451 g/L, 2,709 g/L. The added chloride acid (HCl) with concentration 0.5% and 1% (v/v) and L. edodes can increase ethanol yield, The highest ethanol concentration with added chloride acid (HCl) concentration 0.5% and 1% consecutively is 2,967 g/L, 3,249 g/L. The highest ethanol concentration with pre-treatment by L. edodes is 3,202 g/L.

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