This study was performed to explore the pulse oximetric evaluation of cardio-respiratory systems along with the determination of body temperature in dogs anaesthetized with xylazine-thiopentone (X-T) and xylazine-ketamine (X-K) combinations during electrosurgery. Six apparently healthy dogs weighed 20 to 25 kg undergoing electrosurgery (bipolar), were divided into two groups: group A (X-T) and group B (X-K). In group A (n=3), dogs were anaesthetized with xylazine @ 1.1 mg/kg body weight (BW) as intramuscular (IM) and thiopentone @ 20 mg/kg BW as intravenous (IV) injections, and in group B (n=3), dogs were anaesthetized with xylazine @ 1.1mg/kg BW IM and ketamine @ 5.5 mg/kg BW IM after premedication with atropine sulphate @ 0.05 mg/kg BW IM. Bipolar electrosurgery for gastrotomy or castration was performed in the dogs. Pulse oximetric monitoring and the evaluation of clinical changes: heart rate, respiratory rate and peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) were done along with the determination of body temperature before the induction of anaesthesia (control) and thereafter on 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 minutes postinduction in both groups during electrosurgery. Temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate were altered significantly (P<0.05) during the experimental period in both groups as compared to the control values. SpO2 was decreased significantly (P<0.05) throughout the experiment and returned to the level of initial control value after complete recovery in both groups. These findings revealed that during electrosurgery in dogs the anaesthetic combinations of X-T and X-K exert certain clinical changes in the vital signs (body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate) and SpO2 which should be carefully considered to take necessary steps for perioperative patient’s safety and recovery. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(1): 97-105, April 2020

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate certain haemato-biochemical changes during Xylazine-Ketamine (X-K) and Xylazine-Thiopentone (X-T) anesthesia in dogs. Methods: For this, six dogs of 18 to 25 kg BW were selected and divided into two groups: Group I (X-K) and Group II (X-T). Atropine sulfate @ 0.05 mg/kg BW (IM) was used for premedication in both groups. Dogs in Group I (n=3) were anaesthetized with Xylazine HCl @ 1.1 mg/kg BW (IM) and Ketamine HCl @ 5.5 mg/kg BW (IM), whereas Xylazine HCl @ 1.1mg/kg BW (IM) and Thiopentone sodium @ 20 mg/kg BW (IV) were used for anesthesia in Group II (n=3). In both groups, peripheral blood samples were collected from the dogs before induction of anesthetic agents (control) and thereafter on 10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes of post-induction and again after complete recovery from anesthesia to evaluate hematological changes in Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Haemoglobin (Hb) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV). In addition, serum biochemical changes in Total Serum Protein (TSP), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Creatinine, Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), and Chloride (Cl) were also assessed in both groups. Results: TEC, Hb, and PCV were altered significantly (P<0.05) in most of the cases, TSP was decreased significantly (P<0.05) but BUN was increased significantly (P<0.05), and creatinine was also increased in both groups during the experiment. There were mild alterations in Na, K, and Cl values after induction, and found near to the baseline (control) after recovery. Conclusions: These findings ascertained that the anesthetic combinations of X-K and X-T assert some definite haemato-biochemical changes in dogs which should be carefully judged by the veterinarians during surgical interventions to avoid anesthesia-related risks and complications.

A 17-day-old crossbred male bovine calf was presented with an additional and atypical limb-like structure on the dorsal thorax, just caudal to the hump.. Physical examination indicated that the ectopic appendage was similar to a supernumerary limb but much shorter in size and incom¬plete in structural details, with the characteristic appearance of a half-butterfly wing. This acces¬sory structure was attached to the middle of the back with muscles, fibrous tissues, and carti¬lage in a flexible condition resembling a limb-bud. It was likely to be composed of soft internal bones surrounded by layers of tissues and outer skin. Clinically, the case was diagnosed as an atypical notomelia, and surgical excision of the aberrant structure was done to handle the case. Postoperatively, the calf was treated with supportive medications, including proper management, and subsequently recovered within 2 weeks after surgery.

Objective: This study focuses on the orocutaneous fistula (OCF), a pathological channel between the buccal cavity and the outer surface (skin) of the face, causing leakage of saliva and fluid from the oral cavity to the face externally and also the ectopic incisors (EIs) erupted in a rare position in a day-old calf. The surgical interventions for these congenital defects were further described in this study. Materials and Methods: The calf was presented with an abnormal and external opening in the left submandibular region, having congenitally exposed jawbone and muscles with the resemblance of a linear groove, and was clinically examined based on the problem of swallowing milk due to lateral passing out of liquid through the unnatural tract before entering into the digestive tract. Clinical observation revealed an OCF with four EIs that abnormally erupted in the externally exposed groove of the fistula. Reconstructive surgery (RS) was performed along with a thorough guided approach to repair the defect, emphasizing normal functionality of the buccal cavity connecting to the pharynx and cranial esophagus, and smooth extraction of the EIs was ensured without making any deep wound. Results: After 2 weeks of postoperative care with supportive medications, the calf was quite recovered, having no further complications in the submandibular region along with no visible defect in swallowing. Conclusion: OCF in calves can be fruitfully treated by RS before getting severely infected and complicated. Outside the oral cavity, submandibular EIs can be easily removed, ensuring no further bleeding and defect.

Various udder and teat affections are most common in high yielding dairy cows which cause huge economic loss to the dairy sectors. This study focuses on the surgical affections of udder and teat in dairy cows to restore the moderate productive performance as well as the morphology of udder and teat through feasible surgical procedures. Fifty-four dairy cows with various surgical affections of udder and teat were experimented. The amounts of milk yield (litre/day), and the morphology of udder (symmetry of quarters and circumference) and teat (size, shape and height) were recorded just before and after 45 days of the relevant surgical approaches to evaluate the changes. The surgical affections included mostly the teat laceration and fistulae (12.96%), moderately the teat sores, udder abscess, gangrenous teat, papilloma of teat and udder; whereas teat canal polyps, gangrenous udder and caseous lump in udder were less frequent (5.56%)individual cases among the selected dairy cows. After surgical interventions, the milk yield (litre/day) was significantly (P<0.01) increased along with the positive significant (P<0.01) changes in the morphology of udder and teat of the affected cows. Thus, the surgical managements highly impacted on the improvement of the affected udder and teat in the dairy cattle maintaining their productive performances.