Objective: The objective of this study was three fold; to investigate the preference of dentists regarding the technique for vital and non-vital tooth bleaching, to find out the materials used for vital and non-vital tooth bleaching and to evaluate the influence of post-graduate training, working place and clinical experience on techniques and material used. Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out using a questionnaire with dentists working in three teaching institutes of Multan, Nishtar Institute of Dentistry (NID), Bakhtawar Amin Medical & Dental College (BAMDC) and Multan Medical & Dental College (MMDC). A total of 170 questionnaires were distributed and 154 recovered, at a response rate of 90.5%. Information about post-graduate training, working place and clinical experience was obtained. The information regarding technique and material used for vital and non-vital tooth bleaching was also collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 and frequencies and percentages were calculated along with association between the treatment options and other variables. Results: Majority of the dentists 81.8% and 75.3% preferred in-office technique for vital and non-vital tooth bleaching respectively. For vital tooth bleaching, 31.8% selected HP 6% and 28.4% opted CP10-22%. For non-vital tooth bleaching, 34.8% selected SP mixed with water/HP and 26.6% opted HP37%. Conclusion: Clinical experience and working place significantly influenced the bleaching technique for vital teeth not for the non-vital. No significant influence of post-graduation, clinical experience and working place was found on material used for vital or non-vital bleaching. Key Words: Vital tooth bleaching, Non-vital tooth bleaching, Hydrogen peroxide, Carbamide peroxide, Sodium perborate

Objective: To find out the frequency of natal and neonatal teeth in local population of Southern Punjab. Material and methods: This was an observational prospective study conducted in dental outdoor department of Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Multan from July 2019 to July 2021 after taking approval of the ethical committee. A total of 3800 patients were included. An informed consent was taken and neonates upto the age of six years were included in the study and data was collected about age, sex, religion, mother condition before and after delivery, family history and infection during pregnancy. Results: A total of 3800 children were examined during the study period and out of which 7 children have natal and neonatal teeth and natal teeth are more common than prenatal teeth (5:2) with a ratio of 2.5:1. The prevalence of natal and neonatal teeth during this period was 1:543. Data showed a female predominance with male to female ratio of 1:2.5 and 100% were mandibular incisors. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that natal and neonatal teeth are benign condition of oral cavity with frequency of 0.18%. These have female predilection and mandibular incisors are the most frequent type. Ventral tongue trauma is frequent problem faced by baby and these have no relation to the mode of delivery. Keywords: Natal, neonatal, mandibular incisors, teeth