Background: Managing potential risks that can threaten the health of medical staff including risks associated with treatment tools and equipment has always played an important role in the healthcare systems. This study aimed to investigate the documentation on the effect of nanoparticle shields on the absorption of hazardous radiation in radiology, and specifically alloy containing bismuth oxide )Bi2O3) nanoparticles. Materials and Methods: Several databases including ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Magiran were searched to collect the required documents. The articles were selected based on the year of publication and their relationship with the subject and objectives. Results: Studies confirm the effectiveness of bismuth oxide nanoparticles in order to protect against radiation in different types of radiological shields. These findings show the relationship between different parameters of nanoparticles and their effect on radiation absorption, such as the size of nanoparticles, used kilovoltage peak )kVp), thickness of shields, density of nanoparticles, as well as different methods of using these particles in different types of radiological shields. Conclusion: Bismuth oxide nanoparticles have a significant effect on the absorption of X-rays in radiology. Using these particles results in lighter shields with lower cost and lead content. In particular, bismuth oxide nanoparticles are very efficient at absorbing radiation and reducing the cost of production for shields.

Introduction: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a major acute renal failure that can be prevented by atorvastatin administration. This study aims to evaluate the association between atorvastatin use and CI-AKI incidence using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Materials and Methods: Several international databases, including Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, PubMed, and the Google Scholar search engine, were queried in this study. STATA 14 software was conducted to analyze the data. In this study, standardized mean difference (SMD) index was conducted to investigate the relationship between atorvastatin and serum creatinine level. Results: Twelve clinical trials with a total sample size of 3299 were retrieved. The effect of atorvastatin on serum creatinine levels indicated a SMD of -2.26 (95% CI: -2.53, -1.98) at a dose of 20 mg/kg, -0.76 (95% CI: -1.47, -0.05) at a dose of 40 mg/kg, -2.69 (95% CI: -2.96, -2.42) at a dose of 60 mg/ kg, and -0.03 (95% CI: -0.14, 0.09) at a dose of 80 mg/kg. The effect of atorvastatin use on serum creatinine levels achieved a SMD of -2.72 (95% CI: -3.02, -2.43) in the 40-49 years age group and a SMD of -0.96 (95% CI: -1.73, -0.19) in the 50-59 years age group. The effect of high-dose atorvastatin therapy in reducing the serum creatinine levels, compared to low-dose therapy, was a SMD of -0.54 (95% CI: -1.03, -0.04). However, estimates for the effect of atorvastatin compared to rosuvastatin and placebo showed a SMD of -0.26 (95% CI: -0.76, 0.24) and -1.23 (95% CI: -2.22, -0.25), respectively. The effect of atorvastatin on blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels relative to the comparison group was a SMD of -1.10 (95% CI: -1.61, -0.58) and -1.36 (95% CI: -2.30, -0.42) respectively. Conclusion: Pre-treatment with atorvastatin is effective in CI-AKI prevention. High-dose atorvastatin administration at younger ages provides the best outcome for preventing CI-AKI. Meta-analysis Registration: This study has been compiled based on the PRISMA checklist, and its protocol was registered on the PROSPERO website (ID: CRD42023397276, available at https:// www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails).