A morphological divergence study among the twenty genotypes based on nine yield and yield contributing characters through the D2 statistic indicated the presence of substantial diversity by forming clusters with a wide range of inter-cluster distances. The soybean genotypes under investigation were divided into five clusters. Cluster I had the most genotypes, with 10, followed by clusters III and V, each with five and three genotypes. The relative divergence indicates how much each cluster varies from the others. Cluster I and Cluster III have the most significant order of divergence, followed by Cluster III and Cluster IV. The results revealed that the parents in these clusters are genetically heterogeneous. It's possible that a hybridization program obtained a significant heterotic response. Clusters I and II found the minimum inter-cluster distances, indicating limited genetic diversity. Cluster III had the maximum seed yield per plant cluster value. Individual performance was highest for the genotypes BINAsoybean-3, BINAsoybean-2, and Shohag for the trait seed yield per plant.

Back ground: The incidence of renal calculi is rising and more patients are presenting with small renal calculi. The treatment options for renal calculi (d”2 cm) are ESWL, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). The development of minimal invasive surgery for the treatment of renal calculus has led to an increase in success rates and, at the same time, has decreased the morbidity associated with these treatments. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate outcome of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the treatment of upper calyceal stone of d”2 cm in diameter. Methods: 60 Patients with radiopaque upper calyceal stone (d”2 cm) were admitted and underwent RIRS (Group A) & PCNL (Group B) in Urology department as per inclusion and exclusion criteria by purposive sampling (30 patients in each group). Complete clinical evaluation including history, physical examination, relevant examinations & laboratory investigations were performed. Result: Mean age was 37.23±11.59 years (range 18-62years) in group A and 40.10±11.49 (range 18-65 years) in group B. Mean operative time was significantly lower in group A (90.13 +/- 18.79 min) than group B (107.36 +/- 16.4 min) (p <0.05). Mean volume of irrigation fluid used during surgery, mean drop in the postoperative hemoglobin concentration, hospital stay, mean VAS score at 8 hours & 24 hours after operation were significantly lower in RIRS group than PCNL group (p< 0.05). We achieved a stone clearance of 90.00% in the RIRS group and 96.67% in the PCNL group. The difference in stone clearance in two groups was not statistically significant (p=0.30). Conclusion: The study concluded Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in the treatment of upper calyceal stone of d”2cm in diameter is a feasible, effective and safe treatment option. Given the added morbidity in PCNL, RIRS should be considered standard therapy in these patients. Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(1): 99-104

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the endoscopic approach for sinonasal inverted papilloma and outcome of the surgical management. Study design: Retrospective. Place and duration of study: Dhaka Medical college Hospital and Bangladesh ENT Hospital Ltd. of Bangladesh, from January 2006 to December2020. Materials and methods: 189 cases of Inverted papillomas (confirmed by histopathology) presented in last 15 years were managed by Endoscopic Sinus Surgery and the outcome evaluated. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 41 to 80 years. The mean age was 60 years with Male Female ratio 2.04:1.165 patients had unilateral disease and 24 patients had bilateral. Hundred & seventy two patients with inverted papilloma resected by the endoscopic approach,09 patients by nasoendoscopy in combination with modified Caldwell-Luc approach and 8 patients by combined external and nasoendoscopic approach. Follow up revealed recurrence in nine patients. Conclusion: Findings suggest that endoscopic approach is a safe and effective way of treating sinonsal inverted papilloma. Most lesions were entirely resected through endoscopic approach. Importantly surgical strategies need to be thoughtfully chosen based on tumor stage to achieve maximum removal of the lesion and prevent recurrence. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll 2021; 13(2): 126-129

The objective of this study was to examine the levels and determinants of knowledge and attitudes toward COVID-19 among adult people in Bangladesh, using data from an online survey, conducted in May 2021. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were performed to extract findings from data. The survey covered 993 respondents. A high level (78.4%) of effective knowledge and positive attitude (78.6%) were observed among the Bangladeshi people. More than eighty percent of the respondents could correctly mention at least one important symptom, mode of transmission, and preventive measures of COVID-19. Good knowledge and positive attitudes were found to be significantly higher among males, living in Dhaka city, having a higher level of education, health professionals, and the wealthiest people. Knowledge about COVID-19 has significant association with positive attitude of people towards COVID-19. Despite the high level of knowledge and positive attitudes, there still prevails some misconceptions among a group of people, as one-third of the respondents opined that COVID-19 is a divine punishment and 13% were in favor of keeping it secrete if COVID-19 infection happen to them. The findings underscore the need for more educational program and behavior change communication (BCC) for the subgroups of the population that has been identified with poor knowledge and negative attitudes towards COVID-19.