Advances in multidisciplinary research have paved the way for the development of nanotechnological applications for utilization across a diversity of fields, including infectious diseases, agriculture, and the environment. Nanoparticles can be used for targeting and can play a vital role in the health sector. Using chemical methods, nanoparticles have been produced for a very long time, but due to the release of the harmful chemicals during their production and higher cost associated with the methodology, alternative methods such as green syntheses have been introduced. The green synthesis method is preferred over chemical methods attributed to the absence of fumes in green synthesis as compared to the chemical method. Nowadays, the antibiotic resistant microbes and the development of superbugs are a major problem in health sector, so as there are certain studies about the antimicrobial activities of metallic NPs, which can provide an alternative approach against these resistant microbes. The understanding about these NPs in bio-medical applications is not well studied. This systematic review will help the scientific community to understand the actual potential of these NPs as an effective antimicrobial and anticancer agent.

Carbon nanotubes are electrically, thermally, and chemically conductive nanoparticles with unique nano-dimensions, unusually strong, and high aspect ratio, which makes them perfect for biomedical applications. Recent researches on carbon nanotubes endow anti-microbial activity against different pathogenic strains of gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and S. pyogenes) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis), incorporating carbon nanotubes in scaffold for tissue engineering due to their strong characteristics and conducting properties that enhance cell regeneration, and efficacy in drug delivery techniques. Undesirably, the needle-like manifestation of carbon nanotubes and its physical features lead to toxicity problems as respiratory problems, pulmonary toxicity, agglomeration, or cell death. This report aims to describe the possible potentials of carbon nanotubes and their suitability in various aspects of the biomedical field and also highlight their prospects. The antimicrobial activity, applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and the toxicology of carbon nanotubes are also discussed here.