The current study focused on the equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics of Basic Fuchsin dye adsorption from aqueous solution using mussel shells as an adsorbent. Optimum adsorption conditions were identified by varying the solution pH, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, and contact time. Equilibrium data were fitted by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models, and a pseudo-second-order model best described the kinetics. Thermodynamic data showed that Basic Fuchsin dye adsorption onto mussel shells was a feasible, spontaneous and endothermic process. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square (χ 2) and mean square error (MSE) test methods to evaluate the best fit of the model to the experimental data. The adsorption of Basic Fuchsin by calcined mussel shells indicates their potential application as an adsorbent for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions.

The adsorption of textile dyes such as Direct Red 75 and Direct Red 80 onto calcined bone was studied for their removal from aqueous solutions. The adsorption of Direct Red 75 and Direct Red 80 occurred by studying the effects of adsorbent amount, dye concentration, contact time, pH media and temperature. The adsorption rate data were analyzed using the intraparticle diffusion model, pseudo first order and the pseudo second order kinetic models to determine adsorption rate constants. The isotherms of adsorption data were analyzed by various adsorption isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin. All results found concluded that calcined bone could be effectively employed as an effective new low cost adsorbent for the removal of textile dyes from aqueous solutions.

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