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Nowadays, due to various pollution sources, it is essential for environmental scientists to monitor water quality. Phytoplanktons form the end of the food chain in water bodies and are one of the most important biological indicators in water pollution studies. Chlorophyll-A, a green pigment, is found in all phytoplankton. Chlorophyll-A concentration indicates phytoplankton biomass directly. Therefore, Chlorophyll-A is an indirect indicator of pollutants, including phosphorus and nitrogen, and their refinement and control are important. The present study, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite images were used to estimate the chlorophyll-A concentration in southern coastal waters in the Caspian Sea. For this purpose, Multi-layer perceptron neural networks (NNs) were applied which contained three and four feed-forward layers. The best three-layer NN has 15 neurons in its hidden layer and the best four-layer one has 5 in each. The three- and four- layer networks both resulted in similar root mean square errors (RMSE), 0.1(<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mi>&#x3BC;</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow><mi>l</mi></mfrac></math>), however, the four-layer NNs proved superior in terms of R² and also required less training data. Accordingly, a four-layer feed-forward NN with 5 neurons in each hidden layer, is the best network structure for estimating Chlorophyll-A concentration in the southern coastal waters of the Caspian Sea.

Detergents are one of the most serious environmental issues. This challenge, on the other hand, has been around for a long time, with articles on it dating back more than a century. Furthermore, the number of researchers in this eld has increased as a result of the emergence of the Coronavirus in early 2020. The reason appears to be that, according to the structure of the coronavirus, detergents are capable of killing the virus, and it can be stated that using washing solutions in conjunction with a mask is one of the most important strategies for preventing corona spread. The purpose of this research is to create a bibliometric and review article that can be viewed at a glance from 2000 to 2020 in order to understand the trend of studies in this eld. Despite the scarcity of research in this eld, an attempt has been made to take a professional look at it. According to the ndings, there has been a signi cant increase in the number of detergent-related publications over the last 20 years, indicating strong research growth trends. According to the subject category study, the most common subject categories were biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology. "Journal of Biological Chemistry" is the most productive journal, followed by "Journal of Dairy Science," "Animal Feed Science and Technology," and "Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia." The United States is the largest contributor to the total number of publications, followed by Brazil and China. Detmann, E. from Brazil ranks rst among the authors by a signi cant margin (nearly two times) over the other authors in the eld of detergent. Furthermore, keyword clustering analysis was used to identify the pioneer countries, and it revealed that the volume of land ll leachate-related publications increased signi cantly during the study period.

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