Factoring the pressure field of a harmonic sound wave into its amplitude and phase profiles provides the foundation for an analytical framework for studying acoustic forces that not only provides novel insights into the forces exerted by specified sound waves, but also addresses the inverse problem of designing sound waves to implement desired force landscapes. We illustrate the benefits of this acoustokinetic framework through case studies of purely nonconservative force fields, standing waves, pseudo-standing waves, and tractor beams.
completed another successful year for the Newman Fund. Newman Medals were awarded to 19 students, bringing the total to 290 at more than 58 schools of architecture, engineering, music and music technology since the program began in 1985. Of particular note is the increased participation from schools and programs outside North America. Five student teams received Wenger prizes in 2014 for their meritorious design work juried and displayed at the ASA Student Design Competition held at the 167th meeting of the Acoustical Society in Providence, RI. There were sixteen total entries submitted to the SDC from a number of different universities. The 2012 Schultz Grant project was completed by Michael Ermann and joins the list of teaching tools sponsored by the Newman Fund. The Advisory Committee extends its appreciation to students, teachers, consultants, professional supporters and friends of the Fund whose extraordinary voluntary efforts make the work of the Fund possible and thoroughly enjoyable. Corporate sponsors with interest in the realm of architectural acoustics have been especially supportive recently. We would also like to make special note of appreciation to the staff at the Acoustical Society offices in Melville, NY who help the Fund's operation run so seamlessly.
Emulsion droplets trapped in an ultrasonic levitator behave in two ways that solid spheres do not: (1) Individual droplets spin rapidly about an axis parallel to the trapping plane, and (2) coaxially spinning droplets form long chains aligned with their common axis of rotation. Acousticallyorganized chains interact hydrodynamically, either to merge into longer chains or to form threedimensional bundles of chains. Solid spheres, by contrast, form close-packed planar crystals drawn together by the sound-mediated secondary Bjerknes interaction. We demonstrate the chain-tocrystal transition with a model system in which fluid emulsion droplets can be photopolymerized into solid spheres without significantly changing other material properties. The behavior of this experimental system is quantitatively consistent with an acoustohydrodynamic model for spinning spheres in an acoustic levitator. This study therefore introduces acoustically-driven spinning as a mechanism for guiding self-organization of acoustically levitated matter.
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