Objective:The aim of this study is to determine the quality of life and associated factors of physicians in residency training programmes in Al Madinah city. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in three training centres including four main specialities (family medicine, paediatric, internal medicine and surgery) in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was used that included socio-demographic and occupational characteristics, and the short version of Arabic World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). Appropriate statistical analysis were used, including t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, and multiple linear regression models. Results:The highest mean score was in the environmental domain, followed by physical, social, and mental health finally, with score of 75.6%, 53.1%, 50.8%, and 49.2% respectively. The mean score of overall QOL and health satisfaction was 54.1%. In multiple linear regression analysis, gender was a significant predictor for overall QOL, overall health satisfaction (P<0.001), psychological (P<0.001), physical (P<0.001), and environmental domains (P= 0.014). Physicians without chronic disease had better overall QOL, and psychological score compared to physicians with chronic disease (P= 0.038, P= 0.032, respectively) Married physicians had better social health (P= 0.010) and obese physicians had poorer QOL and overall health satisfaction (P<0.001). Conclusion:This study found that male physicians, compared to females, had better QOL in the four domains of health. Obese physicians had poorer overall quality of life and health satisfaction relative to non-obese physicians. Physicians without chronic disease had better overall QOL, and psychological score compared to physicians with chronic disease. Married physicians had better social score.