This research paper studies the status and condition of the green areas in the city of Erbil, for this purpose all green areas in the city (763 plots) and all population number according to 12 sectors are collected according to their locations and are analyzed spatially by GIS program (Moran I). Researchers have proved that distribution of green areas is random. Moreover, this distribution is not based on the urban planning basics and its criteria: green area per person (GAPP) and green area to the city ratio (GAR) also not based on the basics of urban planning for two criteria , GAPP is optimized from 9.3 to 14 and GAR optimized from 0.06 to 0.09 while the equilateral tringle adopted as optimum distribution for green area units GAU, for 12 sectors adopted combined standards together and the solution was the population density ratio must be 0.01 or less, to obtain criteria and this must preserved and adhered to the planning and laws and regulations strictly. This method can be applied to the study of the spatial distribution in order to compare it with the distribution of schools, health centers and other services or infrastructures.

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It is known that distance can be measured directly using the instruments of distance measurement, or indirectly using the coordinates of two edge points using the popular Pythagorean formula. In most of the geomatics engineering studies, the error in distances is expressed by the uncertainty of the direct measured distances only, while there is not enough studies that highlight the error in a computed distance. This paper presents the error in distance in a novel formulated approach, which considers the planimetric position error in both edges of the computed distance, to determine the error in that distance. Furthermore, the research concludes that the size and direction of error ellipse at edge points and the azimuth of the distance, are the main factors that combine to define the value of error in those distances that are measured indirectly.

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