Lean construction is known to reduce costs, improve profit or increase competitiveness, increase business opportunity and customer base, improve health and safety, improve quality, yield higher employee salaries, shorten production timescales and increase customer satisfaction. With little attention on research of lean construction in Malaysia, it remains a problem of non-standardization in waste elimination strategies thereby sub optimizing waste management in Malaysian construction projects. The objective of this paper is to evaluate lean construction techniques and measure the feasibility in term of their applicability for construction at selected sites in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The study is novel and significant in a sense that it can help to develop reliable management strategies for implementing lean construction technologies at the construction sites. Case studies were carried out as a strategic method and comprehensive survey that covers both questionnaire and interview were adopted as a method of data collection. Likert scale 1 to 5 was used in the written questionnaire with workers in order to assess the level of awareness and acceptance on the need of lean construction techniques for eight construction sites in various places and with various categories (infrastructure and building construction projects) in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Later, semi structural interview was conducted with expert judgment to justify the factors which affect the implementation of lean construction at the construction sites. From the study outcome, it was discovered that both Total Quality Management (TQM) and Industrialized Building System (IBS) were rated by the respondents to be highly effective in both infrastructure and building construction projects.

The problem of conventional cement mortar cubes is the requirement of cement to be used for their production. It is recognized that cement production involves a significant release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, which is detrimental to the quality of the environment. To adopt a sustainable development of building materials, date palm tree has been used by numerous researchers to partially replace the cement in the production of mortar cubes. The study aims: 1. To optimize the engineering properties of cement mortar cubes enhanced with date palm fibers and leaves ash. 2. To investigate the microstructures and chemical characteristics of the optimized cement mortar enhanced with waste date palm fibers and leaves ash. The design optimization in this study, mortar cubes were formulated in such a way that the trial mix designs were varied with date palm leaves ash (1% to 10% date palm leaves ash as partial substitute of cement) and date palm, fibers (1% to 5% as partial substitute of silica sand). The mechanism of reaction at early- and long characterization tests studied term period of curing on paste, including water absorption test, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) test, compression test, SEM test, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) test, X-ray and Fluorescence tests (XRF). As the study's major finding, it was realized that the optimal mix ratio of the treated mortar cubes was noticed to have 4% date palm leaves ash as partial cement substitute and 2% date palm fibers as partial silica sand substitute. There was significant improvement in the treated mortar cubes' engineering properties compared to those of the control mortar cubes. The study outcomes proved that both date palm leaves ash and fibers can cause pozzolanic activity and reinforcing effect on the treated mortar cubes.

Building System and (IBS) is used to drive design where possible. Building Information Modelling (BIM), Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Conference Management (CM) are used to eliminate the variation by insuring ensuring on time material delivery at the construction phase. Also, Total Quality Management (TQM) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) are used to get things at the