With the revolution of information technology and Wide Area Networking, data has become less and less private where the access of media as well as the attempts to change and manipulate the contents of media data have become a common case. For that, we need to use a watermarking technique to protect the copyright of the media as well as for digital right management but without leaving a visual effect. We presented a watermarking technique that deals with images where the used technique to embed a wavelet compressed watermark image within the least significant bit (LSB) of the cover image pixels in a specific pattern which won't be visible after embedding and will cause the cover image to become copyrighted using the embedded watermark image that can be extracted later

Multicast Ad-Hoc on-Demand Distance Vector (MAODV) protocol keeps sending control packets within static periods whether there was sending of data packets or not, and it was not concerned with the amount of these data packets. Based on this, many people found out that there are a high number of control packets in the short-lived connection. The main idea of this paper was to compare between the original MAODV with another proposed approach used for enhancing MAODV protocol called (E-MAODV). The result appears that the E-MAODV protocol performs better than the traditional MAODV protocol.

Abstract:In this paper, we analyze the different parameters of quality for the network models of base stations (BS) when the service messages have not a delay. Also, we compare between four topologies star, ring, radial ring and fully connected using identical quality of user service and conditional cost of one Erlang. Our results have been obtained for different probabilities of failure in service message on one branch and fixed number of web channels. The obtained results show that radial ring topology outperform better than the others with respect to both cost and hierarchy.

No abstract