Engineering surface morphologies of nanofibers has been attracting significant consideration in numerous fields and applications. Among different methods of generating nanofibers, electrospinning is the most widely adopted technique owing to the ease of forming nanofibers with an extensive range of properties and its exceptional advantages, such as the variety of shapes and sizes, as well as the adaptable porosity of nanofiber webs. The branched structure is considered one of the most attractive structures for scientific researchers due to its outstanding properties (e.g., high-specific surface area and extremely tiny diameters of branched nanofibers). Therefore, this work is the first one that summarizes the strategies and methods, reported so far, of producing branched nanofibers of different materials. The material types, formation mechanisms, characterizations, and applications of the branched nanofibers generated through different techniques will be discussed in detail in this study. We believe this work can be served as an important reference for the preparations, strategies, and applications of the branched nanofibers.

The aim of this paper is to present our "Patient Keeper" application, which is a client-server medical application. "Patient Keeper" is designed to run on a mobile phone for the client application and on a PC for the server application using J2ME and JAVA2, respectively. This application can help doctors during visits to their patients in hospitals. The client application allows doctors to store on their mobile phones the results of their diagnoses and findings such as temperature, blood pressure, medications, analysis, etc., and send this information to the server via short message service (SMS) for storage in a database. The server can also respond to any request from the client and send the result via Bluetooth, infrared, or over the air. Experimental results showed a significant improvement of the healthcare delivery and reduction for in-patient stay.