Radioactive iodine (RAI) is widely used for remnant ablation in low/intermediate differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). However, the optimal effective dose that overweighs the benefits over unwanted side effects is a matter of controversy. This meta-analysis aimed to assess low versus high doses of RAI activity for DTC remnant ablation. Two authors independently searched PubMed and Cochrane Library using the keywords low dose radioactive iodine, high dose radioactive iodine, low-risk/intermediate risk, differentiated thyroid carcinoma, and remnant ablation. Two hundred and twenty references were identified when limiting the engine to controlled trials in English and during the period from January 2010 to December 2020. Nine trials (five from Europe and four from Asia) including 3137 patients fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were then entered in an extraction sheet detailing the trial information including the author's name, year of publication, country, and type of surgery, preparation for RAI, the patients and control number in the low and high-dose groups, follow-up period, and the results. Out of 220 articles retrieved, nine controlled trials were included (follow-up period range, six months to 12 years, 3137 patients, and low risk of bias). The analysis favored the high dose for remnants ablation, odd ratio, 0.73, 95% CI, 0.50-1.07; P-value for the overall effect was 0.10. However, the results were limited due to the significant heterogeneity observed (56%, P-value 0.03). High-dose RAI was better for DTC remnants ablation. Further studies focusing on intermediate-risk DTC and adjusting for preoperative and postoperative factors are recommended.

Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) continue to be one of the most common post-operative consequences following surgery, it is an infection that develops in the incision made during a surgical operation is a significant cause of hospital morbidity, increasing ICU admission rates, hospital readmission, lengthening total hospital stay and tripling death rates. To assess knowledge and awareness about wound infection after surgery among population in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conduct in Saudi Arabia during July to December 2021, we distributed our questionnaire in Kingdome of Saudi Arabia, the participants involving general population adult living in Saudi (>15). The sample size was 3357 participants. The sample size was estimated using the Qualtrics calculator with a confidence level of 95%. Our inclusion criteria were Age,15 years old and older, residency in Saudi Arabia, Male and female, Saudi and non-Saudi, agree to participate. Analyzes was done by using the “Microsoft Office Excel Software” (2019) for Windows was used to enter data on the computer. The data was then statistically evaluated using the SPSS program, version 23. Results: 63.8% of the participants were females. More than half of the respondents were younger than 25 years old. Most of the respondents (9.1%) had a university degree or higher education. Regards area of residence, 10.1% lived in Riyadh, 14.0% in Medina. The prevalence of SSI was 8.0%. There are 50.2% of respondents have reported that times being admitted to hospital were 5 or less, 53.9% have denied history of undergoing other previous surgeries. Also, 95.5% of respondents denied having a hospital acquired infection besides surgical site infection. Conclusion: SSI is one of the commonest healthcare related infections which have a great impact on patient morbidity and mortality. The causes of SSIs are multi-factorial. The antimicrobial regimen isn’t much more effective than the persuasive strategy in controlling antimicrobial use in the long-term. Moreover, in many settings, there may be inadequate personnel for a restrictive approach and restriction strategies are unable to consider the appropriateness of use of non-restricted antibiotics, which forms the vast majority of antibiotics used in hospital.