INTRODUCTIONSolitary thyroid nodule (SNT) is a common thyroid disorder, clinically palpable nodules are encountered in about 8% of the adult population and the incidence of malignancy in SNT is very high compared to other thyroid swelling. The risk of malignancy in SNT is 15% compred to 3% in multinodular goiter. With the use of ultrasound, the chance of detection of thyroid nodules has increased considerably.

Thyroid nodules are a common clinical problem. Epidemiologic studies have shown the prevalence of palpable thyroid nodules to be approximately 5% in women and 1% in men living in iodine sufficient parts of world [1]. Most of the thyroid nodules are benign and only less than 7% of thyroid nodules are malignant [2]. So it is very important to differentiate between benign and malignant condition preoperatively So the goal of diagnostic workup is to select those patients for surgery who have a high likelihood of harbouring malignancy in nodule. Many procedures are used in diagnostic workup of solitary nodule of thyroid-ie TFT, FNAC, USG FNAC is considered as the most accurate and cost effective method for evaluating thyroid nodule. The sensitivity and accuracy of FNAC is as high as 95% in experienced hands. Positive predictive value of 90-98% and negative predictive value of 94-99% established FNAC as a valuable diagnostic modality [3]. Although in our settings we usually found that FNAC results are usually not confirmatory Ultrasound is considered as the imaging modality of choice for investigation of thyroid nodules.According to new ATA guidelines (AMERICAN THYROID ASSOCIATION) diagnostic ultrasound should be performed in all patients with a suspected thyroid nodule [4] .Sensitivity of ultrasound has been demonstrated as high as 86.5% and specificity as high as 92.3% [5] The purpose of this study is to know the efficiency of ultrasound in evaluating solitary nodule of thyroid. It compares final histopathology and ultra sound findings to know the significance of ultrasound in evaluating solitary thyroid nodule

Diabetic Foot Ulcer represent a complex entity resulting from several contributing pathways including neuropathy, vascular disease, and metabolic derangement, which may occur alone or in concert with each other. DFU affects patients physically, mentally and economically. Offloading, debridement, infectious controlling and revascularization remains as the mainstay in treatment of diabetic foot. Antibiotic resistance are also observed frequently in these patients. These current standard of treatment is still not showing much recovery in patients. In this era novel approaches to the treatment of DFU gain more interest. This review aims to summarize the novel approaches that are in practice for the diabetic foot ulcer treatment along with clinical evidences from the randomized control trials. Still many procedures lack much evidence and their efficacy and safety need to be determined.

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