Objective: This study describes the mycorrhizal oleaster status (Olea europaea ssp. oleaster:) in the Moroccan ecosystems. Methodology and results: Soil samples were extracted from the rhizosphere of the oleaster tree groves in several regions of Morocco. The frequency and the levels of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inside the root bark were measured by assigning an index of mycorrhization from 0 to 5 (Derkowska et al., 2008). The results showed that the AM fungal colonization structures were hyphae, coils and vesicles. The mycorrhizal frequency and intensity reached respectively 70 and 6% in the Bnifougass site. The highest spore density was in the order of 364 g soil spores/100 g and the genus Glomus was the dominant one. The tentative identification test of VAM (Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae) species, isolated from the rhizosphere of the oleaster trees, revealed the presence of five fungus species: Glomus intraradices, Glomus clarum, Glomus versiforme, Acaulospora colossica, Scutellospora heterogama. Conclusion: In all the studied sites the oleaster roots were Mycorrhized. These results open up many opportunities for the application of the controlled mycorrhization in the oleaster plants nurseries production
RÉSUMÉObjectif : Cette étude a été menée pour déterminer les phénotypes culturaux de Septoria tritici, agent causal de la septoriose du blé, à travers un échantillon de 60 isolats représentant les principales régions productrices du blé au Maroc, et étudier leur importance. En effet, un inventaire a été établi. Méthodes et résultats : Quatre milieux de cultures favorables à la sporulation de Septoria tritici, ont été testés (PDA, CPDA, YMA et SYA) pour étudier in vitro la caractérisation morpho-culturale des isolats de ce pathogène. Cette étude a permis de différencier 10 phénotypes culturaux sur YMA et 8 sur YM. Quatre catégories ont été distinguées selon le degré de clarté des cultures. Les phénotypes I et II et les cultures sporifères sont les plus dominants alors que la formation mycélienne est sporadique.Le pourcentage de la variabilité intra-feuille est faible, de l'ordre de 3%. Le stade parfait du champignon n'a pas été observé. Conclusion et application : L'étude a révélé le polymorphisme morpho-cultural de S. tritici, qui s'est manifesté par une dizaine de phénotypes culturaux. Ainsi, chaque isolat a été caractérisé sur la base des paramètres morpho-culturaux.Une telle caractérisation peut être menée chez les isolats de Stagonospora nodorum, le deuxième agent causal de la septoriose du blé. Mots clés : Maroc, blé, Septoria tritici, milieu de culture, sporulation, caractérisation, polymorphisme.Morphocultural characterization and sporulation at Moroccan population of Septoria tritici, the causal agent of septoriosis of wheat ABSTRACT Objective: This study was conducted to determine cropping phenotypes of Septoria tritici, the causal agent of septoriosis of wheat across a sample of 60 isolates, representing the major wheat producing areas of Morocco, and study their importance. In fact, an inventory was made. Methods and results: Four culture media favourable for sporulation of Septoria tritici were tested (PDA, CPDA, YMA and SYA), to study in vitro the morpho-crop characterization of isolates of this pathogen. This study was able to differentiate 10 phenotypes cropping on YMA and 8 on YM. Four categories were distinguished according to the degree of clarity of cultures. Phenotypes I and II and the spore cultures were most dominant Journal of Applied Biosciences 87:8121-8130 ISSN 1997-5902 Zahri et al. J. Appl. Biosci.Caractérisation morpho-culturale et sporulation chez une population marocaine de Septoria tritici, agent de la septoriose du blé 8122 whereas mycelial formation was sporadic. The percentage of inside leaf variability is low, of the order of 3%. The perfect stage of the fungus was not observed. Conclusion and application: The study revealed the polymorphism morphocultural of S.tritici, which is manifested by a dozen crop phenotypes. Thus, each isolate was characterized based on morpho-cropping parameters. Such a characterization can be performed in Stagonospora nodorum isolates, the second causative agent of septoriosis of wheat.
Le présent travail est une contribution à l'étude des champignons Pucciniales (Basidiomycètes) du Maroc. Méthodologie et Résultats : Des prospections effectuées au Nord-ouest du Maroc ont permis de collecter une dizaine d'espèces de plantes Allium sativum (Ail), Cicer arietinum (Pois Chiche), Mentha viridis (menthe), Phaseolus vulgaris (haricots) et Saccharum officinarum (la canne à sucre) infectées par des rouilles. Les différents symptômes observés ont été décrits au laboratoire et l'étude microscopique des spores ont permis d'identifier les pathogènes responsable de ces symptômes : Puccinia allii, Uromyces ciceris-arietini, Puccinia menthae, Uromyces appendiculatus et Puccinia melanocephala. Conclusion et application de la recherche : Les résultats obtenus peuvent contribuer à connaitre la diversification des hôtes des Puccinales et la description d'autres espèces nouvelles pour la diversité fongique du Maroc.
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