Many of the factors thought to be associated with the need for delaying the sternal closure had no statistical significance as risk factors. On the other hand, the diagnosis of IAA or TAPVD, an age less than 7 days, aortic clamping more than 98 min, CPB time more than 185 min and a post-bypass central venous saturation less than 51% were statistically significant risk factors that could be used in predicting the need for delaying the sternal closure.

Ionizing radiation generates diverse DNA lesions that differentially induce cell death and mutations. In the present study, calf thymus DNA (400 microg/ml) and HeLa cells were irradiated by (60)Co gamma-rays, and abasic (AP) sites and endonuclease (Endo)III- and 8-oxoguanine glycosylase (hOGG1)-sensitive base modifications in DNA were quantitated by the aldehyde reactive probe (ARP) assay. The irradiation of calf thymus DNA in phosphate buffer generated 91 Endo III- and 100 hOGG1-sensitive base modifications and 110 AP sites per 10(6) base pairs (bp) per Gy. The yield of the lesions in Tris buffer was 41- to 91-fold lower than that in phosphate, demonstrating a radioprotective effect of Tris. The HeLa cell chromosomal DNA contained 12 Endo III- and 3.8 hOGG1-sensitive base modifications and less than 1 AP sites per 10(6) bp as endogenous damage, and their level was increased by irradiation. The yields of the damage at 1 Gy (roughly equivalent to the lethal dose of HeLa cells [1.6-1.8 Gy]) were 0.13 Endo III, 0.091 hOGG1, and 0.065 AP sites per 10(6) bp, showing that irradiation with a lethal dose brought about only a marginal increase in base damage relative to an endogenous one. A comparison of the present data with those reported for DNA strand breaks supports the primary importance of double-strand breaks and clustered lesions as lethal damages formed by ionizing radiation.

Background: Desflurane is known to have a rapid onset and offset of action, thereby making it possible for the anesthetist to control the depth of anesthesia rapidly. Intravenous propofol with rapid induction and recovery is currently a popular induction agent for surgical anesthesia. Objective: To compare desflurane and propofol as single agent anesthesia in short elective surgeries. Materials and methods: It was a hospital based prospective comparative study, 80 patients scheduled for elective short surgery were taken. After routine pre-anesthetic work up, patients were induced with either Group D: O2:N2O (50:50) + Desflurane 3-4% or; Group P: O2:N20 (50:50) + Propofol 3-5 mg/kg. Baseline parameters, relevant intra-op details, ease of procedure, hemodynamic changes, recovery, and complication rate were compared between both groups. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS ver. 22. Results: Parameters like jaw opening, attempts for LMA and ease of insertion was comparable in both the groups (p> 0.05). Time to loss of consciousness and time to LMA insertion was significantly shorter with Propofol (p<0.05). Mean pulse rate and MAP was significantly higher in Desflurane group (p< 0.05). Modified Aldrete score was significantly higher in Desflurane group while Complication rate was comparable.

Background: Reducing anxiety is an important goal in good anaesthesia management. Preoperative anxiety can be reduced with certain pharmacological interventions. Aim: The present study was carried to assess the potential role of oral Melatonin as a premedicant to general anaesthesia and its effect on induction dose of Propofol. Methodology: A prospective randomized double blind placebo controlled study was planned on 80 patients of ASA I & II physical status aged between 18-55 yrs. scheduled to undergo different elective surgeries and satisfying all the inclusion criteria. They were randomly divided into 2 groups -1. Group M = Oral melatonin 3 mg 2. Group P = Placebo Pre-operative Visual Analogue Scale for anxiety (VAS-A) score, sedation and orientation score were noted, along with the dose requirement of Propofol during induction in both the groups. Haemodynamic and adverse effect profile along with time to recovery from anaesthesia were also observed. Results: Patients who received premedication with melatonin were less anxious, better sedated and had had no effect on the orientation compared to placebo. Oral melatonin was associated with significant decrease in induction dose of Propofol and did not delay recovery from anaesthesia. It has a favourable hemodynamic profile with no major adverse effects. Conclusion:Oral melatonin 3mg can be an effective premedication for preoperative anxiolysis and sedation and an adjuvant to induction drug Propofol.