The accuracy of characteristic the PV cell/module/array under several operating conditions of radiation and temperature mainly relies on their equivalent circuits sequentially; it is based on identified parameters of the circuits. Therefore, this paper proposes a modified interactive variant of the recent optimization algorithm of the rung-kutta method (MRUN) to determine the reliable parameters of single and double diode models parameters for different PV cells/modules. The results of the MRUN optimizer are validated via series of statistical analyses compared with five new meta-heuristic algorithms including aquila optimizer (AO) , electric fish optimizer (EFO), barnacles mating optimizer (BMO), capuchin search algorithm (CapSA), and red fox optimization algorithm (RFSO) moreover, twenty-five state-of the art techniques from literature. Furthermore, the identified parameters certainty is evaluated in implementing the characteristics of an entire system consists of series (S), and series-parallel (S-P) PV arrays with numerous dimensions. The considered arrays dimensions are three series (3S), six series (6S), and nine series (9S) PV modules. For the investigated arrays, three-dimensional arrays are recognized. The first array comprises 3S-2P PV modules where two parallel strings (2P) have three series modules in each string (3S). The second array consists of six series-three parallel (6S-3P) PV modules, and the third one has nine series-nine parallel (9S-9P) PV modules. The results prove that the proposed algorithm precisely and reliably defines the parameters of different PV models with root mean square error and standard deviation of 7.7301e −4 ± 4.9299e −6 , and 7.4653e −4 ± 7.2905e −5 for 1D, and 2D models, respectively meanwhile the RUN have 7.7438e −4 ± 3.5798e −4 , and 7.5861e −4 ± 4.1096e −4 , respectively. Furthermore MRUN provided extremely competing results compared to other well-known PV parameters extraction methods statistically as it has .

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In this study, we proposed an alternative method to determine the parameter of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) since there are multiple variable quantities with diverse nonlinear characteristics included in the PEMFC design, which is specified correctly to ensure effective modeling. The distinctive model of FCs is critical in determining the effectiveness of the cells’ inquiry. The design of FC has a significant influence on the simulation research of such methods, which have been used in a variety of applications. The developed method depends on using the honey badger algorithm (HBA) as a new identification approach for identifying the parameters of the PEMFC. In the presented method, the minimal value of the sum square error (SSE) is applied to determine the optimal fitness function. A set of experimental series has been conducted utilizing three datasets entitled 250-W stack, BCS 500-W, and NedStack PS6 to justify the usage of the HBA to determine the PEMFC’s parameters. The results of the competitive algorithms are assessed using SSE and standard deviation metrics after numerous independent runs. The findings revealed that the presented approach produced promising results and outperformed the other comparison approaches.