The quartz head contact fiber can produce similarly good outcomes in ablating the prostate using the high power 980 nm diode laser compared to the side firing fiber, and with fewer complications and side effects.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The introduction of the operating microscope has significantly enhanced the outcome of tympanoplasty by improving the accuracy of the technique. The operating microscopy provides a magnified image in straight line; hence the surgeon can’t visualize the deep recesses of the middle ear in single operating field. This is overcome by use of rigid endoscope for tympanoplasty. In rigid endoscopy view is better but surgeons 2 hands are not free so manipulation here is difficult.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 30 cases of safe CSOM from each group viz microscopic assisted (MES) &amp; endoscopic assisted (EES) were selected operated by full cuff (superiorly based tympanomeatal flap technique) and compared for graft uptake, hearing improvement &amp; complications.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Graft uptake rate was 93.33% in both groups. In our study the pre operative mean air bone gap of the patients was 37.23+5.79 db after surgery at 6 months came down to 17.17+3.31 db hence after calculating the mean air bone gap closure it came down to be 20.4+4.85. Which showed a significant improvement in the hearing (p value 1.493E-23 which is less than 0.05). 6.67% cases from both groups showed failure of graft uptake.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The graft uptake, hearing improvement, Complications produced by each of the techniques in large, subtotal, and anterior moderate perforations by each technique is comparable i.e. both techniques have same results.</p>

A 14-year-old boy presented with one year history of mass in the oral cavity which was initially small and progressively increased in size. He complained of difficulty in speaking and swallowing since four months. There was no history of respiratory difficulty sore throat or bleeding. Patient was undergoing psychiatric treatment for behavioral problems and is on resperidone therapy. Otorhinological examination of oral cavity revealed a smooth pinkish white mobile nontender firm pedunculated mass arising from superior pole of left tonsil and extending over the anterolateral surface of the tongue [Table/ Fig-1]. Patient could voluntarily swallow and regurgitate the mass. Rest of the oral cavity, nasopharynx and larynx were normal. There was no evidence of cervical lymphadenopathy. Systemic examination and all other routine investigations were normal. A left tonsillectomy with tonsillar mass excision was done under general anesthesia and the specimen was sent for histopathological examination. Grossly the left tonsil measured 2.5x1.5cms. A polypoid large smooth mass was seen arising from the superior pole of the tonsil attached to it by a small stalk measuring 7x2x2cms [Table / Fig-2]. Cut section was homogenous white tan and the mass had a firm consistency. Microscopic examination of hematoxylin and eosin stained sections showed a polypoid mass lined by nonkeratinising stratified squamous lining. Subepithelium showed a dense collection of lymphocytes along with few lymphoid follicles [Table/ Fig-3]. Stroma of the polyp showed many dilated lymphatic and blood vessels admixed with fibrocollagenous and adipose tissue [Table / Fig-4 [

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea occurs when there is communication between the subarachnoid space and the nasal cavity. CSF rhinorrhoea commonly occurs following head trauma (fronto-basal skull fractures), as a result of intracranial surgery or spontaneously. The aim of our article was to emphasize the importance of endonasal endoscopic surgery using multilayer autograft technique.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 08 cases of CSF rhinorrhoea were treated. A retrospective study was undertaken to analyze the characteristics of 08 patients. After detailed otorhinolaryngoscopic examination, diagnostic nasal endoscopy and radiological evaluation by CT and MRI, all underwent endonasal endoscopic surgery. This article reviews the causes, diagnosis and treatment of CSF leakage of cases done with a 0 degree 4 mm sinoscope using fascia lata septal cartilage and fat as a graft material.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The defects as large as 1.5 cm could be safely treated with this technique. The overall success rate of endoscopic repair for CSF rhinorrhoea has been 100%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Endonasal approach is less morbid compared with external approach. Endoscopic surgery gives better visualization.</p>