B ACKGROUND: Bovine Respiratory Disease is complex, multifactorial diseases process cause mortality in buffalo calves. Early diagnosis of such conditions could be difficult with the absent of noticeable clinical signs. Ultrasonography examination is a noninvasive tool that has been used frequently in the thoracic diagnosis of buffalo and cattle calves. Objective:The aim of this study was to detect and assess the lung lesions in buffalo calves using ultrasonography examination. Methods:The study included examination of 130 local buffalo calves divided into (100) calves showed respiratory symptoms including coughing, lacrimation, nasal discharge, general weakness, fever, and (30) clinically healthy calves as a control group, during the period from November 2021 until April 2022, their ages ranged between (2-6) months and from different areas in Mosul city. Results:The results indicated that most of the infection was of the severe type (84%), and (16%) was mild infection. Moreover, calves with age ≥90 days are mostly affected, and the severity of infection was assessed (≥4) with rate of (54%), while the least infection was at the ages of <90 days. Results from ultrasound examination showed different pulmonary lesions, including irregular pleura (94%), comet-tail artifact (78%), alveologram (72%), while the lung consolidation was the least (33%). Conclusion: The ultrasound was highly accurate in diagnosing the type and severity of the lung lesion compared to the recording of clinical signs ,and proved the presence of respiratory tract diseased in buffalo calves.

Auscultation of the lung is the first line for the diagnosis of lung lesions. Analysis of the auscultated sounds is promising in the diagnosis confirmation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of sound analysis and oximeter for detection of the lung lesions in buffalo calves. The study included 100 calves showing respiratory symptoms and 30 clinically healthy calves serving as a control group which aged between (2-6) months from different areas in Mosul City. A pulse oximeter was used to measure the percentage of oxygen blood saturation, then measuring sound frequencies based on multi-resolution sound wave analysis by using digital program (WavePad). Affected calves showed coughing (100%), lacrimation (88%), nasal discharge (86%) and fever (58%). The sound analysis indicated that the natural sound frequency was (221) Hz, gradually increasing to (390.5) Hz in case of pneumonia. It then became (428) Hz in calves with wheezing sound. Diminished breathing sound had a frequency of 426) Hz synchronous with pauses that lasted (0.4) seconds after each complete inhalation and exhalation cycle. An oximeter reading had a positive correlation with each nasal discharge and eye lacrimation, while it had a negative correlation with both coughing and body temperature. The study concluded that sound wave analysis and oximeter were highly accurate in diagnosing the severity of the lung lesion compared to the detection of the clinical signs.