This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of germination in improving the nutritive value of grain sorghum and the effect of using germinated sorghum (GS) as partially or completely replacement of yellow corn in growing Japanese quail diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters. A total number of two hundred and sixty-four 10-day-old Japanese quails were randomly distributed into four dietary treatment groups (each of 66), each treatment subdivided into 3 replicates (each of 22). Quail chicks in the first group fed corn-based diets (2922 kcal/kg feed and 24% crude protein) and served as control, while the chicks in the second, third and fourth groups received diets containing germinated sorghum as replacement of diet corn at levels 25, 50 and 100%, respectively. Results indicated that the inclusion of GS at all levels in growing Japanese quail diets had no significant effect on body weight, body gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and carcass characteristics measured among all dietary treatments. Blood cholesterol decreased significantly in birds fed GS at levels 50 and 100% as replacement of yellow corn compared to the other birds. Nevertheless, triglyceride significant reduced in group of birds that fed dietary GS at level 100% of yellow corn compared to the other groups. In conclusion, germinated sorghum could be safely incorporated in Japanese quail diets as replacement of yellow corn to improve growth rate and reduce the levels of serum cholesterol and triglyceride.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of using 10 % and 20 % corn distiller's dried grains with solubles (CDDGS) as partial replacement for yellow corn and soybean meal with or without adding 0.05 % Galzym powder on productive performance, some blood plasma parameters and the immune response of broiler chicks. A total number of 240 day-old, unsexed broiler chicks were randomly assigned to six treatments 40 chicks each. The first group was fed basal (starter and grower-finisher) diets without supplements and considered as control (T1) group, the second group was fed as T1 plus 0.05 % Galzym (T2), the third group was fed 10 % CDDGS (T3), the 4 th group was fed as T3 plus Galzym addition, the 5 th group was fed 20 % CDDGS (T5), the 6 th group was fed as T5 plus Galzym (T6). The obtained results showed that final live body weight values increased by CDDGS replacement. The highest final live body weight, total feed intake and total body weight gain values were recorded by the birds fed 20 % CDDGS level with Galzym as compared to other experimental treatments. Also, the lowest total feed conversion values were recorded for the birds fed 20% CDDGS plus Galzym as compared to other experimental birds. The results showed that there were significant increase in the experimental treatments in plasma total protein and total triglycerides values compared with the control treatment. Moreover, there were insignificant increases in total cholesterol values compared with the control group. Also, there were significant decreases in plasma inorganic phosphorus values as compared to the control treatment. The specific immunity against avian influenza disease virus (AIDV) titer was significantly increased when using 10 % CDDGS with Galzym supplementation in the diets after vaccination as compared to other experimental samples. Also, there were insignificant differences in the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) titer after vaccination among all the experimental treatments. It is concluded that using CDDGS up to 20% in broiler diets as partial replacement for yellow corn and soybean meal with or without Galzym supplementation improved growth performance of broiler chicks and enhanced the specific immunity against avian influenza disease virus titer, with no adverse effects on their physiological blood parameters.

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), is the single most important cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. In infants with progressive respiratory insufficiency, intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) with surfactant has been the usual treatment, but it is invasive, potentially resulting in airway and lung injury. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been used for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome, as well as for the prevention of apnoea, and in weaning from IPPV. Objective: To evaluate the effect of different types of CPAP in treatment of preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome in Al-Azhar (Assiut) university hospital neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Patients and methods: This was a prospective study, conducted at Al-Azhar (Assiut) university hospital NICU. The study included 60 preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome divided into 3 groups: (1 st group); 20 cases on nasal CPAP; (2 nd group); 20 cases on nasopharyngeal CPAP and (3 rd group); 20 cases on mask CPAP from March 2021 to November 2021. Results:The results of our study showed significant difference between the three groups regarding complications, nasal irritation and problems in fixation as it occur in (10%, 10%, 85%) respectively of cases in mask group and (90%, 85%, 85%) respectively in nasal group and (90%, 0%,0%) respectively in nasopharyngeal group with p value < 0.001 in all. There was also a significant difference between the three groups regarding to response to treatment with P value < 0.04.Conclusions: CPAP is one of the effective treatments of RDS leading to significant improvement of outcome, reducing hospital stay and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation with its harmful adverse effects and thus the case fatality rate of RDS cases and so the overall mortality rate of the NICU.