Background: The lipid profile of migraineurs showed atherogenic condition. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events were found to be frequent and appeared one decade earlier in migraine patients compared with the general population. No comprehensive study is available regarding these aspects in migraineurs in India. Objectives: To compare lipid profile parameters between episodic migraineurs and healthy volunteers. Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study performed in a sample of migraine cases selected from the Outpatient Department, G.B. Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India, and normal healthy individuals as control group were chosen from the students of medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India. Migraineurs were selected based on the clinical diagnosis by neurologists, each fulfilling the International Headache Society criteria 2004. Subjects aged between 20 and 40 years were enrolled for study irrespective of the aura status. Lipid profile parameters studied were total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides. Results: The lipid profile of migraineurs showed abnormal condition. When LDL levels were compared, 24 of 54 cases and 5 of 30 controls showed abnormal levels (P = 0.020), whereas the remaining lipids showed no statistical significance between the two groups. Conclusion: Atherogenic lipid profile of migraineurs in our study coincided with the results of earlier studies. LDL levels were higher in cases when compared with those of controls. The values of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and VLDL levels did not differ significantly between the controls and the cases.

Background: The incidence of autonomic dysfunction has increased in the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and various tools have been developed for assessing it. Classical autonomic function tests are one among them. Aims & Objectives: To compare the classical autonomic function tests in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy volunteers. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at the PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, on 30 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (cases) and 30 healthy volunteers (controls). Average age of the patients with diabetes mellitus was 48.53 ± 5.12 years (mean ± SD) and that of the volunteers was 47.10 ± 3.59 years (mean ± SD). After obtaining informed, written consent, cardiorespiratory parameters such as resting heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were measured after 10 min of supine rest. Autonomic function parameters such as HR and blood pressure response to handgrip, deep breathing difference test, and Valsalva ratio were recorded in them. Results: Statistical analysis was carried out using independent Student's t-test, which showed a statistically significant impairment in HR response to handgrip (P < 0.001), blood pressure response to handgrip (P < 0.001), deep breathing test (P < 0.001), and Valsalva ratio (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Results of this study showed that significant impairment was present in patients with type 2 diabetes than in healthy volunteers, and it was more pronounced for parasympathetic system than for sympathetic system.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Worldwide prevalence of NAFLD is 38%. Serum uric acid level has been suggested to be associated with factors that contribute to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of serum uric acid level and body mass index (BMI) with NAFLD. Methods: This observational study was conducted in subjects, who attended the master health checkup clinic of PSG Hospitals, Coimbatore, on 50 patients with NAFLD and 50 non fatty liver subjects. NAFLD was diagnosed based on the abdominal ultrasonographic findings. BMI and serum uric acid level were also measured in all the study participants. Uric acid quartiles were categorized into four groups, and the number of subjects, who came under each group, was noted. Results: The mean BMI (kg/m²) for cases was 27.01 ± 3.53 and the same for controls was 23.91 ± 3.11. Elevated BMI was associated with an increased incidence of NAFLD with a statistical significance (p < 0.05).The mean uric acid concentration (mg/dl) for cases was 5.73 ± 1.57, and for controls was 4.69 ± 0.91. Increased serum uric acid concentration was associated with an increased incidence of NAFLD with a statistical significance (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that elevated BMI is associated with an increased incidence of NAFLD. Serum uric acid levels are significantly associated with NAFLD, and high uric acid levels showed a high incidence of NAFLD compared to low serum uric acid level.

Heart rate variability is one of the diagnostic tests to assess the autonomic dysfunction in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. To compare the heart rate variability (HRV) and classical autonomic function tests between type 2 DM and healthy volunteers. This study was conducted in 30 type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients and 30 healthy volunteers. Average age of diabetic patients was 48.53±5.12 (mean ± SD) and that of volunteers was 47.10±3.59 (mean ± SD). ECG recording was done in supine position for 5 minutes in computerized physiography. HRV analysis was done using Finland software. Classical autonomic function parameters such as deep breathing difference test, heart rate and blood pressure response to hand grip dynamometer test and valsalva ratio test were recorded in them. Statistical analysis was done using student’s t-test. HRV showed statistically significant impairment between cases and controls (p&#60;0.05). Classical autonomic function test showed statistically very significant impairment between cases and controls (p&#60;0.0001). HRV and Classical autonomic function tests reveals autonomic impairment in Type 2 DM, but classical autonomic function test findings showed very significant (P&#60;0.0001) impairment than HRV analysis (P&#60;0.05). So this study showed autonomic function tests are superior to HRV analysis.

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