A prospective comparative two arms study done in Al Kadhimiya teaching hospital for 1 year duration from June 2017 till June 2017, this study included 150 women with singleton pregnancies diagnosed with gestational DM. The primary endpoints were neonatal outcomes which include; neonatal hypoglycemia (≥2 neonatal glucose values 46.8 m/dL), respiratory distress (admission to neonatal care unite NUC), need for phototherapy (neonatal jaundice), 5-minute Apgar scores below 7, or premature birth (<37 weeks of gestation). The maternal outcome includes the rate of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, mode of delivery and Polyhydramnios. Metformin offer less risk for the neonate to have an episode of blood glucose level <28.8 mg/dl compared to insulin RR (95%CI): 0.598 (0.457 – 0.999) and it was significant, metformin also offer less risk for the neonate to have recurrent blood glucose level <46.8 mg/dl RR (95%CI): 0.820 (0.586 – 1.289) but it was not statistically significant, metformin had slightly increased risk for preterm birth compared to insulin, the rest of the variables did not show a significant difference between both drugs. There was no significant difference in the maternal outcome between both drugs. There was no significant difference between metformin and insulin in their FPG and HbA1c after commencing therapy. In conclusion, metformin is an effective and safe treatment option for women with GDM, and that metformin comparable with insulin in glycemic control, there is no a significant risk of maternal or perinatal adverse outcome with the use of metformin compared with insulin in GDM.

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Vitamin D is an essential vitamin that regulates many biological processes and involved in the ‎activity of many organs like the skin, bone, kidney, etc. ferritin is an essential marker for ‎assessment of anemic status. The current study aimed to assess the relationship between ferritin ‎and vitamin D3 in healthy women at various age groups. A cross-sectional study carried out in ‎Ramadi city and involved 92 healthy women aged from ‎20-50 years‎, the participants divided into two groups according to age: group I with age ‏‎20 – 35 years and group II with age 36 – 50 years. In the present study mean vitamin D3 in group II ‎11.8 ‎±‎ 3.5‎ ‎ng/dL was ‎significantly lower than group I (35.3 ‎±‎ 12.2‎ ng/dL) p-value < 0.001, a similar ‎finding observed for ferritin (‎19.6 ‎±‎ 13.9‎ ‎vs ‎66.7 ‎±‎ 52.1‎, p-value <0.001). There was a direct relationship between ferritin with vitamin D. However, this relationship was ‎only significant in group II (p-value <0.05), while in group I it was statistically significant. In conclusion, low vitamin D levels associated with low ferritin, indicating that vitamin D ‎deficiency is associated with anemia.