Medical industries are continuously working towards the development of wearable theragnostic devices which enable monitoring various ailments in the body and then transmitting them to the base-station. The antenna design is of prime importance where the suitable design guarantees proper communication between the antenna and the base-station. In this paper, a co-planar wave-guide antenna is proposed for the use in the medical implant communication service (MICS) band for data transmission. The proposed antenna is studied for ex-vivo applications where the antenna is simulated for bovine intramuscular fat (adipose tissue). The preliminary results showed that the antenna radiates in MICS band. Two types of samples are tested; namely, native fat and boiled fat. The boiled fat is used in order to represent the infected fat tissue. Hence, the antenna was implanted into the fat samples and the results revealed noticeable variations in the radiation characteristics between native and boiled fat. Different parameters of the proposed antenna including the reflection coefficient (S11), radiation patterns, gain, efficiency, and front-to-back ratio are investigated. The simulations showed that S11 parameter was − 12.4 dB in MICS band for the normal fat. On the other hand, the measured S11 values were − 12.3 dB for the native samples and − 9.9 dB for the boiled fat samples. To assert the variation in the biological characteristics of the boiled fat as compared to those of the native fat, diffuse optical measurements of the examined samples were investigated. Such variation in the light scattering and absorbance by the tissue is responsible for varying the S11 parameter for each case. The results have shown that the proposed design is a good candidate for detecting the change in biological tissue.

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The use of miniaturized antennas in wireless communications is very common. In the current paper, a miniature coplanar-waveguide fed-rectangular patch antenna with semicircular ground is presented. The antenna performance was studied at two different configurations; straight and bent. Cross lines were added to ensure the obtained frequency band. Different parameters were evaluated including return-loss, radiation-pattern, gain and band-width. These parameters were analyzed numerically after twisting along both X and Y axis. Additionally, a prototype of the straight structured antenna is fabricated, and compared with the simulation results. The numerical results show high return loss (− 33 dB) at the straight structure, while the measured return loss decreased to − 28 dB. The bandwidth was 0.75-GHz in case of the straight structure and the measured bandwidth 0.18 GHz. The obtained gain at the resonance frequency is − 13 dB. Moreover, the proposed antenna resonates at frequency 3.22-GHz making it suitable for wireless communications, WIMAX and microwave S-band applications.