Nanotechnology uses exceptional approaches for the control of bacterial infections which uncovers the potential function of bio-systems at nano-scale level. Compared to silver ions, silver nanoparticles possess enhanced physicochemical stability and low bio-toxicity properties. The intrinsic chemical framework of silver nanoparticles is prone to exhibit a significant chemistry when used as sensor and as therapeutic. Nowadays, silver is used in (nano-) medicine, in the form of nanoparticles to optimize its therapeutic property for controlling infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Exclusive use of antibiotics as medicines and its discharge from the body of the infected person or animals into the sewage system has led to antimicrobial resistance. Rising resistance of antibiotics is another serious threat that may lead to pandemics. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop selective and sensitive sensors for probing antibiotics, especially to prevent human health hazards. The present review emphasizes on the recent advances of silver nanoparticles concerning two inter-related subjects, first, application as a therapeutic agent to control infections and secondly, as sensors to detect antibiotics. Moreover, the chemistry of silver nanoparticles behind its applications as sensor and bactericidal agent is described. Major challenges have been elaborated for the emergence of silver nanoparticles in the field of antibiotic detection and its use for controlling bacterial infections.