This paper looked into optimal tuning of a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller used in Electro-mechanical Dual Acting Pulley Continuously Variable Transmission (EMDAP-CVT) system for controlling the output obtained, and hence, to minimize the integral of absolute errors (IAE). The main objective was to obtain a stable, robust, and controlled system by tuning the PID controller by using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The incurred value was compared with the traditional tuning techniques like Ziegler-Nichols and it had been proven better. Hence, the results established that tuning the PID controller using PSO technique offered less overshoot, a less sluggish system, and reduced IAE.

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This paper investigates the performance of clamping force at the secondary pulley actuator of Electro-mechanical Dual Acting Pulley Continuously Variable Transmission (EMDAP CVT) using an identification technique for development of intelligent control. The implementation details are described and the experimental studies conducted in this research are analyzed. To investigate the dynamic response of the system, step input was applied to the EMDAP CVT and clamping forced was measured. The modeling of the system was developed using the Genetic Algorithm (GA). The validation and verification of the obtained model were evaluated using mean squared error (MSE) and correlation test. The performance of the nonlinear approach was compared and discussed based on MSE value. The predictive ability of the model was further observed with unseen data. The result shows that, Nonlinear ARX (NARX) model converges to an optimum solution faster with increasing of model order and the obtained dynamic model also described the system well.

The construction site is in a constant state of fluidity. This constant change presents challenges for construction players who must be able to foresee hazardous conditions before they cause injuries or fatalities on the construction site. Nowadays, technology continuously improves the way the construction industry works. In line with the industrial revolution, technology evolution will improve the effectiveness of construction industry operation. Embracing technologies would benefits inefficiencies, diminishing cost and improve health and safety levels. Therefore, this paper sought to review the technologies that can be implemented in training delivery, especially for safety training. A systematic literature review has been conducted to determine suitable technology in assisting safety training. Based on the deductive content analysis, there are three types of technologies that can be used as an approach in training delivery. The findings of the study prevail which technology particularly will create digitally. It seems that this application of technology can provide a better approach to assess potential problems such as risks on the construction site. These technologies can be adapted to become a training module in order to enhance the productivity and minimise the occurrence of accidents in Malaysia construction industry.

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