Water is a vital component of life. It is naturally available as earth hydrosphere and plays an important role in the world economy, and it essential for balancing of the ecosystem. Numerous microbes and other toxins such as chemicals and heavy metals are integrated into rainwater and flowing water, resulting in water pollution. This chapter examines the numerous ways in which nanomaterials can be used to remove various kinds of contaminants from polluted water. In this chapter, carbon-based adsorbents material, that is, carbonaceous materials, has described. Carbonaceous materials such as stimulated carbon, carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxide have good performance and high adsorption value for medicinal active chemicals. In present-day investigations, researchers have found that carbon-based nanomaterials have been located progressively being applied in recycling of wastewater treatment research with overwhelmingly positive results.

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