The angelwing clams or known locally as 'siput mentarang'; Pholas orientalis, can be one of the potential species for aquaculture industries in Malaysia and hopefully in near future it can be an option for farmers to culture the clams. As most bivalves culture system, the seeds are obtained naturally and collected by farmers on certain time of the year. Thus, knowledge of the clam's life-cycle will be advantageous in aquaculture especially in farm's planning and scheduling. Three locations in Kedah, Perak and Selangor have been selected for this study. The samples were collected periodically using a systematic sampling method starting from March 2015 to April 2016 at each sampling sites. Plankton net was used to collect the eggs, larvae and umbo stage of P. orientalis, while soil samples were collected at depth of about 0.5m using a scoop for juvenile and adult stage analysis, and soil quality. The study showed that the three locations had different seasonal timing of the life-cycle developmental stages of the clams. A combination of abiotic factors such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrient may contribute to the differences of the developmental stages of P. orientalis within the study areas. It was found that the abundance of food (planktons) contributed greatly to the life cycle timing of the clams.

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E cosystem-based approach in fisheries management is still a new concept in fisheries management in M alaysia. T his is approach adopted by Department of F isheries (D O F) mainly to suppress fishing effort through the enforcement of the F isheries A ct 1985. It was later admitted that the approach had failed to meet its objective. T his paper describes the implementation of ecosystem approach in managing the mangroves ecosystem using the Before A fter Control Impact (B A C I) design to detect the cause of perturbation as a result of management decision. If the cause of the perturbation is confirmed, and it is caused by the management decision, then the decision is to be reconsidered. T he pilot project proposed is to assess the suitability, preparedness and the acceptance of the ecoapproach by society and the authority. In managing mangroves ecosystem, both society and the authority sit together in a committee to for mulate a management plan that in general oversees the wellbeing of the mangroves benefiters using scientific data and knowledge.

(MSOPA, 1994) [3]. They were awarded RM 20,000 as compensation after the Judge Vernon Ong satisfied that they have the right to claim under the law but allowed only 50 plaintiffs to be compensated as the others were unlicensed fishers as such lost their rights. The law, MSOPA 1994 provides the aggrieved persons to claim damages as result of oil pollution caused by the owner of the polluting ship. Unlike Wahab bin Ibrahim's case, the failed claim by fishers caused by coastal reclamation works is illustrated in Mohd Nor bin Jamil and 123 ors V i) Pengerang Independent Terminal Sdn Bhd., ii) Dialog E & C Sdn Bhd., iii) Kerajaan Negeri Johor. In his judgment, Judge Teo Say Eng dismissed the claim with RM 8,000 cost [4]. Although some of them were allowed to claim since they were licensed fishers, the plaintiffs had failed to prove, inter alia, their right to fish is premised upon their constitutional right or common law right if any or statutory right.Claiming losses caused by pollution other than oil spill, or other man-made catastrophe by fishers is almost impossible in Malaysia. As is it now, the laws are not compassionate enough to the environmental victims. Ansari [5] said the judicial delineation of tortuous remedy has utterly failed to control environmental pollution and to bring justice to the doorstep of the indigent and poor people. In the court of law, the primary concern is whether a plaintiff has the right to sue in public property damages. It was shown in Ketua Pengarah Jabatan Alam Sekitar & Anor V Kajing Tubek & Ors where the court took a more restricted view and denied the native residents locus standi to raise this matter in the court for the following reasons, inter alia; there was no special injury suffered by the respondents over and above the injury common to others [6]. Fishers have no property rights over the sea and its natural resources; so, do they possess the right to claim for compensation for damage of goods that do not belong to them? Fishers are merely given a right to fish by way of licenses [7] within a stipulated period of time [8], where license may be renewed [9], and subjected to conditions as specified by the authority [10]. In Jan De Nul (UK) Ltd. V NV Royale Belge [11] , Judge Moore-Bick concurred with the counselors of the defendant that only those claimants who could show legal ownership or a possessory title to property damaged by siltation could pursue a claim in negligence. Similarly, in the tort of nuisance, Lord Goff in Hunter V Canary Wharf [12] pointed out that an action of private nuisance will usually be brought by a person in actual possession of the land affected, either as the freeholder or tenant of the land in question, or even as a licensee with exclusive possession, but a mere licensee on the land has no right to sue. This paper is devoted into establishing whether fishers or any other persons aggrieved by the environmental impairment have the right to be compensated for the economic loss incurred. Supposing the aggrieved persons were to sue the polluter...