Euphyllidae corals are among the most beautiful corals that have been exploited for the aquarium trade all over the world. In Malaysia, the information on these coral species particularly on the diversity and genetic variation is not fully documented. Realizing to this matter, the diversity and distribution of Euphylllidae corals were investigated at 13 sampling stations in Tioman Island. The diversity and distribution of Euphyllidae corals were observed and recorded using the Coral Video Transect (CVT) method. The captured images were analyzed using Coral Point Count with Excel extension (CPCe) software. The samples of Euphyllia cristata were collected at three different zones in Tioman Island (East Coast, West Coast and Isolated Island). The samples were extracted and mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase 1 gene primer was used to study their genetic variation. A total of six species belong to three genera of Euphyllia, Plerogyra and Physogyra were recorded. Benuang Bay (East Coast) and Bayan Bay (Isolated Island) have shown higher diversity and distribution of Euphyllidae corals among the sampling stations. The Shannon-Weinner index (H’) of Benuang Bay and Bayan Bay were 1.42 and 1.43 respectively. The West Coast zone had the lowest diversity and distribution of Euphyllidae corals due to massive coastal development and loads of human intervention. The genetic sequences from the East Coast and West Coast were closely related. The pairwise distance between these two zones is 0.003. There is a slight difference in the sequence from the Isolated Island. The pairwise distance of West Coast-Isolated and East Coast-Isolated are 0.021 and 0.025 respectively. However, it is relatively low to consider there is evolutionary divergence between the samples. Thus, no genetic variation was observed between all Euphyllia cristata taken at three different zones of Tioman Island. This study has shown that there was a highly significant difference (p<0.01) in the diversity and distribution of Euphyllidae corals with respect to sampling stations.

Phyllidiid Nudibranchs Phyllidia varicosa and Phyllidiella pustulosa were observed under laboratory conditions and abnormal behaviours were recorded. This study described the manoeuvering, mating behaviour, egg laying and abnormal activities.  Some abnormal behaviours were recorded while retaining the sample in the aquarium such as emitting noxious chemicals, lifting up the mantle edge to expose the gills and crawling towards the water surface and lie there.  Maneuvering behaviour was distinguished when two individuals were interacting with each other before the mating. Mating behaviour started by extending and joining the reproductive organs followed by gamete exchange for several minutes. During the mating behaviour, there was a limited movement like contracting of the body and hiding the rhinophores into the rhino-tube. Egg deposition was observed in the aquarium as natural behavior after mating and as a stress response after placing the sample in the captivity.

Mangroves composition and species are richly diverse in Tioman and Tulai Island. A total of 23 mangrove species have been found consisting of exclusive and non-exclusive species in Kg. Juara, Kg. Nipah, Kg. Paya, Kg. Genting and Tulai Island. The abundance mangrove species are Rhizophora X lamarckii, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata and Brugueira gymnorrhiza. From supervised classification, total of 59.90 hectares mangrove covers have been identified in both islands, with 86.49% in Tioman Island (52.76 hectares) and 13.51% in Tulai Island (7.14 hectares). A new hybrid species has been found (Rhizophora X lamarckii) dominated in Tulai Island, combination between Rhizophora stylosa and Rhizophora apiculata. At the mean time only mangrove area in Teluk Bakau, Tulai Island is considered as the focal destination of tourists to the area. However, other mangrove areas in Tioman Island are also potential to be promoted as tourist destination areas. Although the mangrove area is only a part of the scenery, its presence obviously enhances tourist attraction. The basic facilities such as information counter, walking trails, garbage boxes and toilets are considered necessary. The main information panel and site map should be provided on the mangrove sites. Boardwalks may be constructed for visitor to access the mangrove area without destroying the root system and stand. The actual site of these facilities and on-site information guides should be strategically placed in order to provide beneficial information and as well as to sustain the biophysical stability of the sites. Since mangroves provide vari-* Corresponding author. S. Saad et al. 443 ous important functions in nature, it hopes that the mangrove educotourism activity will influence the people and community's attitudes to the environment, conservation and sustainable development in a very positive way.

Study on scleractinian coral recruitment is important in understanding the mechanisms that regulate their population and the resilience of coral reef communities to disturbance. This study aims to investigate temporal recruitment density of scleractinian coral at selected remote area in Balok, Pahang. Two types of settlement plates, which are terra-cotta tiles and artificial reef, were deployed at three stations to determine the recruitment density. The retrieval of the settlement plate was done at every three months interval started from March to September 2014. A total of 159 coral recruits were counted with mean recruitment densities on both terracotta tiles was 1.52 ± 0.65 and artificial reef plate was 4.37 ± 1.84 respectively. Recruitment was dominated by Platygyra (36%) followed by Porites (32%), Fungia (17%), Turbinaria (7%), Acropora (2%), Stylopora (2%), Montipora (1%), Leptoria (1%), Favites (1%) and Echinophyllia (1%). Kruskal - Wallis ANOVA test shown that recruitment densities varied significantly with plate’s orientation (p < 0.05), but not with sampling stations, type of substrates and month retrieval.  Artificial reef plate has better recruitment densities compared to terra-cotta tiles. Coral spat settlement and recruitment patterns were consistent with adult coral distributions. The percentage cover of adult coral varied within the three stations. A total of 33 coral genera from 13 families were recorded during coral video transect survey with Station 3 showed the highest H’ (2.35). Meanwhile, Station 2 showed higher EH’ indexes with 0.82. Therefore, results of this study is important because coral recruitment pattern reflect its adult coral population, and if it closely monitored and harvested sustainably, the survival of parent population could be increased for successful breeding.